Control dictation for the year On warm earth. Entrance control Dictation my native land I am an experienced hunter

Control dictation for the year

On warm earth

As an experienced hunter, I am still joyfully excited and attracted by the vast expanses of Russian nature. Maybe that's why I'm interested in hunting.

People who do not break their connection with nature do not feel lonely. Years pass, but a transformed, beautiful world is still revealed to them. As before, white and golden flowers sway above the head of the tired traveler, who lies down to rest, and a hawk circles high in the sky, looking for prey.

After lying down in the fragrant grass, soft and tender, admiring the golden clouds frozen in the blue heavenly ocean, I rise with new strength from the warm native land. I return home to meet new working days, cheerful and renewed. A foggy curtain rises from the river, not yet warmed by the sun, but ahead is the expectation of something bright, clean, and beautiful.

I don’t want to talk to anyone, I would just walk along my native land, stepping barefoot on the dew and feeling its warmth and freshness.

CONTROL DICTANT FOR THE YEAR

In distant childhood, with a special joyful feeling, we greeted the cranes returning to their homeland in the spring. Hearing their voices coming from the high sky, we left our games and, raising our heads, looked into the blue heavenly heights.

“Cranes! Cranes! - we shouted loudly, rejoicing at the arrival of spring guests.

The cranes flew in slender schools. They were returning from distant warm countries. Having circled over a swamp or over a river bank, they sometimes sat down to rest and refresh their strength after a long journey.

I once had the opportunity to observe cranes closely. I hunted a wood grouse near a large, almost impenetrable swamp. While spending the night in the forest, you know, many times at dawn I heard the cranes dancing in circles. Having made my way to the swamp, hiding in the dense dense bushes, I watched these wonderful birds through binoculars. Gathered in a wide circle, flapping their strong wings, the cranes trumpeted and danced. This, of course, was the spring wedding crane festival.

Grammar tasks:

Option 1.

2. Extract from the sentence

Circling over the swamps...

Option 2.

1. Parsing the sentence

Having made our way to the swamp, hiding in the dense bushes,...

2. Extract from the sentence

all phrases, make their diagrams, indicate the types of connections between words.

FINAL DICCTATION IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

We walked along the left bank of the river. Suddenly, ahead, on the dead wood, a squirrel appeared. She sat on her hind legs and, with her tail folded over her back, was gnawing on a pine cone. As we approached, the squirrel grabbed its prey and rushed to a tree. From there, above, she looked at people with curiosity. By the way, a few words about protein. This animal, a representative of rodents, has an elongated body and a long tail-panicle. The small beautiful head is decorated with large black eyes and small rounded ears. Oh, how funny it is to watch this animal!

The squirrel is an animal that is either sedentary or nomadic. She is on the move all day. She, one might say, cannot stand peace and only in the dark lies on her side, sometimes curled up, sometimes with her tail thrown over her head. It seems that she needs movement as much as water, food and air.

(According to V. Arsenyev)

Grammar task:

1. Analyze the proposals:

Option 1 - She sat on her hind legs and, putting her tail on her back, was gnawing on a pine cone.

Option 2 - This animal, a representative of rodents, has an elongated body and a long tail-panicle

2. Write out subordinating phrases from the indicated sentences:

Option 1 - with communication control;

Option 2 - coordination with communication.

The Andes are the highest mountains of the American continent, cutting it from north to south. 4 They amaze with their changing landscapes. Here you will see unconquered peaks, peaks covered with eternal snow, and smoking volcanoes. In the west, the Pacific Ocean sparkles with turquoise; in the east, endless jungles, cut by a web of silver rivers, delight.

After a one-day stay in the capital of Peru, we fly in the direction of the lost city of the Incas. We take the train to a small town and walk through the eucalyptus forest to the village. Clay houses and thatched huts are reminiscent of ancient civilization. We try not to lose the path that disappears in places and winds upward.

A mysterious city appears in the distance, located on a rocky peak. After five hours of climbing, we pass through the heavy gates and enter the fortress located on the mountain. 4 On numerous terraces, connected by countless stairs, there is a stone world with streets and squares. The ancient city enchants us.

(121 words) (According to Ya. Palkevich.)

Grammar task

3. Do:

The Andes are the highest mountains of the American continent, cutting it from north to south. 4 (1 option);

After five hours of climbing, we go through heavy climbs and enter the fortress located on the mountain. 4 (option 2).

Control dictation for the first half of the year

Volga

At the edge of a young forest there is a small pond. An underground spring comes out of it. This pond is the cradle of the great Russian river. The Volga is born in swamps and bogs and from here it sets off on a long journey. Volga is a beauty. It passes through places that are amazingly beautiful and diverse in climate, plant cover and wildlife. The beauty of the Volga is glorified by the people in legends, and by poets and artists.

From Rybinsk the Volga begins to turn southeast. Its low banks are covered with a green carpet of meadows and bushes. Picturesque hills alternate with valleys. These Volga landscapes have unique beauty and charm. Beyond Kostroma, both banks become mountainous, and the further you go, the more picturesque. The slope on the embankment near the old Kremlin wall in Nizhny Novgorod is one of the most beautiful places in the upper Volga. The nature of the Zhiguli Mountains is unique and picturesque. Zhiguli is the pearl of the Volga.

Volga! This name is near and dear to millions of residents of our Motherland.

Additional tasks

1. Identify the grammatical basis in the first four sentences, determine the type of predicate:

First paragraph (1 option). Second paragraph (2nd option)

2. Parse the sentence:

Zhiguli is the pearl of the Volga.(1 option)

Volga is a beauty.(Option 2)

Village

Lent was over, it was Holy Week. The weather was beautiful: the days were bright, quiet and warm. The snow was all covered with black tulle, and in some places large clearings appeared. The walkways, from which excess snow was occasionally shoveled in winter, were completely blackened and lay in black ribbons. But then you step out of the yard and plunge into the water. You could only drive on the highway. The peasants dug in the yards, adjusting the harrows and plows, the children passed streams that flowed into the river all the fruitful juices from the dung heaps piled up in the middle of the yard.

The smell of manure over the villages. In the middle of the day, it seemed that the yards were drowning. But it did not harm anyone: neither people nor animals. And the roosters, standing at the very top of the dung heaps of steaming manure, imagined themselves as some kind of priests. They pompously puffed up their feathers, shook their red combs and, throwing back their heads solemnly, exclaimed: “Long live spring!”

Take care of this rooster,” the man said to his wife, leaning on his pitchfork, pointing to the walking rooster. “This is a real bird, but that little one, the little one, needs to be slaughtered for the holiday.”

And the man, spitting on his hands, began picking with the pitchfork again.

(160 words) (According to N. Leskov.)

Grammar task

	1 option	Option 2 is more difficult
Indicate the types of predicates		Other
	The walkways, from which excess snow was occasionally shoveled in winter, were completely blackened and lay in black ribbons.	They pompously puffed up their feathers, shook their red combs and, throwing back their heads solemnly, exclaimed: “Long live spring!”

Parsing a sentence	But it did not harm anyone: neither people nor animals.	And the roosters, standing at the very top of the dung heaps of steaming manure, imagined themselves as some kind of priests.

Good Wolf

That winter there was a young she-wolf in the pack, who had not forgotten her childish amusements. 4 During the day, the wolves, curled up in balls, dozed, and she jumped up, circled, trampling the snow, and woke up the old people. The wolves reluctantly rose, poked their cold noses at her, and she playfully snapped, biting their legs. The old she-wolves, curled up and not raising their heads, looked at the young prankster. 4

One night the she-wolf got up and ran into the field, and behind her, with their tongues hanging out, the old men began to shake. The wolves remained lying down, then they ran after the pack.

The wolves ran along the road, and shadows glided behind them, breaking in the snow. The snow sparkled like diamonds in the moonlight. The ringing of bells was heard from the village. It seemed as if the stars that had fallen from the sky began to ring as they rolled along the road. The wolves, belly-deep, retreated into the field and lay down, turning their muzzles towards the village.

(125 words) (According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov.)

Grammar task

Write out examples of 3 different types of predicates from the text.
Write down 3 different phrases and sort them out: from 1 paragraph (1 option); from 3 paragraphs (2nd option).

That winter there was a young she-wolf in the pack, who had not forgotten her childish amusements. 4 (1 option);

The old she-wolves, curled up and not raising their heads, looked at the young prankster. 4 (option 2).

Lock

The Duke received considerable pleasure by inviting Don Quixote and Sancho to the castle and being amused by their eccentricities. But Don Quixote began to be burdened by captivity and an idle life, believing that a real, and not an imaginary knight, when traveling, should not indulge in laziness and incessant amusements and sit with folded arms. That's why he asked permission to leave.

Having said goodbye to everyone early in the morning, Don Quixote, dressed in the same ridiculous armor, appeared in the square in front of the castle. 4 From the gallery, perplexed, barely restraining laughter, all the inhabitants of the castle were staring at him: the duke, the duchess, the courtiers... 4 Sitting on his gray, Sancho was delighted: the ducal steward handed him, without stinting, two hundred gold .

Having bowed politely to the Duke, as well as to everyone present, Don Quixote turned Rocinante and, accompanied by Sancho, rode out the gate into an open field, saying:

- Freedom, Sancho, is incomparable to any treasure!

(126 words) (According to M. de Cervantes.)

Grammar task

1. Write out examples of 3 different types of predicates from the text.

2. Write down 3 different phrases and sort them out: from 1 paragraph (1 option); from 3 paragraphs (2nd option).

3. Parse the sentence:

Having said goodbye to everyone early in the morning, Don Quixote, dressed in the same ridiculous armor, appeared in the square in front of the castle. 4 (1 option);

From the gallery, perplexed, barely holding back laughter, all the inhabitants of the castle stared at him: the Duke, Duchess, courtiers... 4 (2nd option).

Control dictation with grammar task

based on the results of the second quarter

The estate was all white, there were fluffy flakes on the trees, as if the garden had bloomed with white leaves again. A fire crackled in the large old fireplace, and everyone entering from the yard brought with them the freshness and smell of soft snow.

The poetry of the first winter day was accessible to the blind in its own way. Waking up in the morning, he always felt especially cheerful and recognized the arrival of winter by the stomping of people entering the kitchen, by the creaking of doors, by sharp, subtle smells, by the creaking of footsteps in the yard.

The frozen ground, covered with a fluffy, soft layer, became completely silent, but the air somehow became especially sensitive, clearly carrying over long distances the cry of a crow, the blow of an ax, and the light crack of a broken branch. From time to time a strange ringing sound was heard, as if from glass, rising to the highest notes and dying away in the distance. These were the boys throwing stones on the village pond, which was covered with a thin film of the first ice.

But the river near the mill, heavy and dark, still trickled through its fluffy banks and rustled at the sluices.

(160 words) (According to V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician.”)

Grammar task

	1 option	Option 2 is more difficult
Write out the predicate	simple verb	compound nominal
Underline in the text	isolated circumstance	isolated definition
Write down 3 phrases of different types	from 1-2 paragraphs	from 4 paragraphs
Parsing a sentence	From time to time a strange ringing sound was heard, as if from glass, rising to the highest notes and dying away in the distance.	Having put on high hunting boots in the morning, he went to the mill, laying a loose trail along the paths.

Transformation

The doll came out from behind the partition. She smiled, tilting her disheveled head to the side. Her hair was the color of the feathers of small gray birds. Her gray eyes sparkled with merriment. Now she seemed serious and attentive, but there was no trace of her sadness. On the contrary, they would say that she is a minx pretending to be modest.

Then further. Where did her former magnificent dress go, all that pink silk, golden roses, lace, sequins, fabulous outfit, which could make every girl look, if not like a princess, then, in any case, like a Christmas tree decoration? Now, imagine, the doll was dressed more than modestly. A blouse with a blue sailor collar, old shoes, gray enough not to be white. The shoes were worn on bare feet. Don’t think that this outfit makes the doll ugly. On the contrary, he suited her. There are such dirty things: at first you don’t deign to look at them, but then, looking more closely, you see that such a dirty thing is cuter than the princess.

But most importantly: remember, the doll of the heir Tutti had terrible black wounds on the chest. And now they have disappeared. It was a cheerful, healthy doll!

(160 words) (According to Yu. Olesha.)

Grammar task

	1 option	Option 2 is more difficult
Indicate the types of predicates
Write down 3 phrases of different types	A blouse with a blue sailor collar, old shoes, gray enough not to be white.	There are such dirty things: at first you don’t deign to look at them, but then, looking more closely, you see that such a dirty thing is cuter than the princess.
Determine the type of one-part sentences in the text
Parsing a sentence	She smiled, tilting her disheveled head to the side.	Her hair was the color of the feathers of small gray birds.

Test dictation on repetition at the beginning of the year

Heavy thunderstorm

I remember the thunderstorm that caught us on the road.

I was sitting with my mother in a wooden shed under a thatched roof. In the open gates, muddy from the pouring rain, lightning blazed in blue zigzags. My mother hastily crossed herself, hugging me tightly to her chest. I listened to the sound of the rain, to the heavy peals of thunder, to the ear-splitting crash of blows, to the restless rustling of mice in the oat straw.

Having risen, we saw a diamond net of rain at the gate, and through the transparent drops the joyful summer sun was already shining, shimmering with rays.

The father harnessed the horses, which were shiny from the rain and frightened by the thunderstorm, moving their feet impatiently and restlessly. The road lined with birches and washed by rain seemed even more cheerful. A multi-colored rainbow hung over the meadow, the bright sun sparkled on the backs of cheerfully running horses. I sat next to my father, looking at the road glistening with puddles, winding ahead, at the passing dark cloud, illuminated by the sun and still menacing, at the column of white smoke rising in the distance above the barn lit by a thunderstorm. I listened to the cheerful voices of birds in the washed, wonderful sunny world that opened up to me.

(I. Sokolov-Mikitov) (153 words)

Grammar task.

1. Choose 3-4 words with a similar word stepping overshih structure.

2. Underline the participles, highlight the suffixes in them, determine which type of participles were not found.

3. Find two adjectives: qualitative and relative.

4. Perform a syntactic analysis of the sentence with a participial phrase (Option I) and with a participial phrase (Option II).

Control dictation based on the results of the third quarter

Pinery!

Soon a path led to the right, onto a rather steep hill. We followed it and after half an hour we found ourselves in a pine forest. Flowering cocen. As soon as we hit a pine branch with a stick, a thick yellow cloud immediately surrounded us. Golden pollen slowly settled in the calm.

Just this morning, forced to live within four walls, spaced no more than five meters from each other, we suddenly got drunk from all this: from flowers, from the sun, smelling of resin and pine, from luxurious possessions, suddenly acquired for nothing us. The backpack was still holding me back, and Rosa either ran forward and shouted from there that there were lilies of the valley, then she went deeper into the forest and returned, frightened by a bird that had fluttered out from under her very feet.

Meanwhile, ahead, through the trees, water sparkled and soon led to a large lake. The lake was, one might say, without shores. There was thick, lush grass in a forest clearing, and suddenly, at the level of the same grass, water began to flow. It was as if a puddle had been filled with rain. It was thought that the grass also continued under the water and that it had been flooded recently and not for long. But through the yellowish water a dense sandy bottom was visible, going deeper and deeper, making the lake water blacker.

(155 words) (According to V.A. Soloukhin.)

Grammar task:

1. Determine the type of one-part simple sentences, including complex ones: 1 paragraph - 1 option; 3 paragraph - 2 option.

2. Parse the sentence:

1 option - Meanwhile, ahead, through the trees, water sparkled and soon led to a large lake.

Option 2 - But through the yellowish water a dense sandy bottom was visible, going deeper and deeper, making the lake water blacker.

3. Write down different types of complications from the text.

Control dictation for the year

Warm earth

As an experienced hunter, I am still joyfully excited and attracted by the vast expanses of Russian nature. Maybe that's why I'm interested in hunting.

I don’t want to talk to anyone, I would just walk along my native land, stepping barefoot on the dew and feeling its warmth and freshness.

Current page: 13 (book has 23 pages total) [available reading passage: 16 pages]

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55

Why is everything that is expensive, temporary and fleeting so beautiful? Why are road meetings especially important, why are sunsets, twilight and short overnight stays so precious? Or the crunch of wheels, the clatter of hooves, the sound of an engine, the wind blowing in your face - everything floating past, backward, flashing, turning?

No matter how nice the people with whom I lived, no matter how close to my heart the place where some days passed, where I thought, said, and listened, and looked, was, it is a great pleasure to travel further! Everything is tense, everything is jubilant: further, further. To new places with new people! Once again be happy about the movement, once again go or ride, rush - it doesn’t matter what: by car, on a ship, in a cart, on a train...

You drive during the day or at night, in the morning or at dusk, and you keep thinking that what happened back and yesterday is good, but not as good as what will happen ahead.

There are all sorts of roads! Heavy, rutted, dirty, dusty, smooth and clean - wide highways shining with the dry gloss of asphalt, rocky paths, sandy shores where the sand is hard and creaky, ancient roads along which the Tatars still rode, and new roads with lime-painted kilometer markers. field and forest, gloomy even on a sunny day.

And how difficult it can be on the road! You sit huddled in the back of a shaking car between barrels of fuel, spend the night on the hard vibrating seat of a river boat, beat yourself to the point of bruises in a cart, suffocate from the heat in a metal carriage, spend the night on a bench in dim light at some remote station...

But everything passes - fatigue, anger, rage, impatience and dull resignation from the difficulties of the road; only the charm of movement, the memory of happiness, the wind, the sound of wheels, the sound of water or the rustle of one’s own steps does not pass away forever.

(According to Yu. Kazakov)

56

When, together with a diverse, piously baptized wave of people, you enter the gates of the Sergius Lavra, you sometimes think: why is there not and was not a special observer in this monastery, like the ancient Russian chronicler, who observed with a calm, unchanging gaze and wrote down with an even, dispassionate hand what happened in the Russian land, and did it the same way from year to year, from century to century, as if it were the same person who had not died for centuries? Such a permanent and undying observer would tell what kind of people came for five hundred years to venerate the tomb of St. Sergius and with what thoughts and feelings they returned from here to all ends of the Russian land. By the way, he would explain to us how it happened that the composition of the society, which flowed in a continuous wave to the tomb of the saint, remained unchanged for five centuries. Even during the life of Sergius, as his contemporary biography writer tells us, many people came to him from various countries and cities, and among those who came were monks, princes, nobles, and ordinary people living in the countryside.

And today, people of all classes of Russian society flock to the saint’s tomb with their thoughts, prayers and hopes, statesmen come at difficult turning points in people’s life, ordinary people in sad or joyful moments of their private existence. And this influx has not changed over the centuries, despite repeated and profound changes in the structure and mood of Russian society: old concepts have dried up, new ones have made their way or floated, and the feelings and beliefs that attracted people here from all over the Russian land still prevail today. with the same fresh spring as they beat in the fourteenth century. If it were possible to reproduce in writing everything that was connected with the memory of Sergius, that in these five hundred years was silently changed and felt before his grave by millions of minds and hearts, this writing would be a history of our national political and moral life full of deep content.

(According to V. Klyuchevsky)

57

The air from the heated earth rose in a continuous warm stream and, meeting the cold, motionless heights of the sky, mixed its heat with it, causing it to begin to swirl and flow to the side in huge shafts. This is how a wide, riding wind was born - over the brown smooth hills, over the blue mounds - a powerful stream, invisible from the ground. And holding on to its elastic streams, spreading its wings like a swimmer’s arms, a hawk hung over the steppe.

Swinging almost in one place, fanning out its tail feathers and slightly moving the tips of its wings, the hawk carefully examined the wormwood bushes beneath it, cracks in the ground, black holes in gopher holes, and two ruts of the road, smoothed to a shine by the wheels, along which it was now slowly flying. He saw how the gophers froze in gray columns near the minks and, turning their heads, slyly looked up at him, confident in their invulnerability. And meeting one of them with an unexpected glance, noticing the instantly swelling fear in the shiny button of the animal’s eye, the hawk would look away with contempt and indifference. He knew that stupidity is no less characteristic of gophers than petty cunning, and sooner or later one of them will believe in himself so much that he will become bold and impudent - and then he will die.

To the left of the road, sometimes very close to it, stretched a swampy floodplain with green thickets of reeds, and there, at the window of blue water, two dark herons stood side by side, their heads turned out equally on their flexible necks. They looked at the vulture calmly, hostilely, without fear. These were large, strong birds, with sharp peaked beaks. After exchanging glances with them, the hawk flapped its wings twice and glided forward, further.

(According to A. Kim)

58

The day begins to noticeably turn pale. People's faces take on a strange hue, the shadows of human figures lie on the ground, pale and unclear. The steamboat going down floats by as some kind of ghost. Its outlines became lighter and lost the definition of colors. The amount of light appears to be decreasing; but since there are no condensed shadows of the evening, there is no play of light reflected on the lower layers of the atmosphere, these twilights seem unusual and strange. The landscape seems to blur into something; the grass loses its greenness, the mountains seem to lose their heaviness.

However, while the thin crescent-shaped rim of the sun remains, it still gives the impression of a very pale day, and it seemed to me that stories about darkness during eclipses were exaggerated. “Is it really possible,” I thought, “that this remaining insignificant spark of the sun, burning like the last, forgotten candle in a huge world, means so much?.. Is it really possible that when it goes out, night should suddenly fall?”

But that spark disappeared. Somehow, impetuously, as if breaking out with an effort from behind a dark curtain, it sparkled with another golden splash and went out. And with this, thick darkness poured onto the earth. I caught the moment when a complete shadow appeared in the darkness. It appeared in the south and, like a huge blanket, quickly flew over the mountains, along the river, across the fields, fanning the entire heavenly space, wrapped us up and in an instant closed in the north. I now stood below, on the shore shallows, and looked back at the crowd. Deathly silence reigned inside her. Even the German fell silent, and only the metronome beat off the metallic blows. The figures of people merged into one warm mass, and the fires of the fire on the other side again acquired their former brightness...

(According to V. Korolenko)

59

Halfway there I sat down to rest. Brown water rang and muttered in the stone bed. The sea was visible in the gorge, its horizon also seemed to rise with me, and it stood in the gap between the red rocks like a blue wall.

How beautiful this gorge is, what wildness, what autumn - purple, jubilant, sunny, what a golden light the larches burn, why is there no house here, why can’t you live here for a month and work until your bones ache!

Having reached the telephone line, I turned onto the path and began to climb up again. The fern surrounded me like a solid wall. Here, in the calm, in the mountain valley, the evil wind was not afraid, and autumn had not yet arrived, it was delayed, and here and there individual branches were just beginning to bloom. An hour later I was at the top, approached the cliff - a huge expanse of sea opened up to me, and I didn’t want to go anywhere else.

At the lighthouse I learned that it was impossible to go further into the mountains: seven gorges, four of which were very deep. So, again along the shore and again with stones. Another fifteen kilometers of stones, and then there will be sand. The village where I was heading was still thirty-one kilometers away.

What to think about on the road? When you walk, step by step surrendering to the heavy rhythm of the path, your attention is all absorbed by the road, the stones that fall under your feet, the weight of your backpack, worn out feet... Again a hard road, a calm sea, light rain and a low cold sky. Having descended from the high cliff on which the lighthouse stands, you again step onto the rocky shore, and again there are rocks on the left, the sea on the right - gloomy, cold, but calm.

(According to Yu. Kazakov)

60

I would call this time in our city the season of bamboo rods. The city is hot in the summer sun. Fishermen in straw hats and scallop jackets carry their bamboo fishing rods to the sea. Fishing rods do not fit inside a horse-drawn or tram car. They are transported on platforms, from where they protrude in dozens, touching the through foliage of fading acacias with their thin, but surprisingly strong and flexible tops.

The fishing rods are already equipped with everything necessary: half blue, half red narrow cork floats, into which steel fishing hooks are stuck, and lead weights dangling from thin twine; thin twine is tied with a dead knot to a thicker one, wrapped around the end of the fishing rod, hot in the sun.

A good bamboo rod is quite expensive; to have a real bamboo fishing rod - varnish-canary, durable, light, long - is about the same pipe dream as roller skates or a used bicycle; a new one, of course, is out of the question.

Oh, how I envy all the happy owners of large, or huge, or even medium and small bamboo fishing rods, which elastically bend towards the green sea wave from the rocks, from bathing bridges, from piles driven into the bottom near the shore, from scows swinging “on anchor”, which replaces the holey stone tied to a rope, which was once knocked off a limestone rock by a storm.

How excited I was by the sight of blue-red floats exactly half immersed in sea water, which so smoothly, enticingly swayed the bare tip of their goose feather over the cast gentle wave.

(According to V. Kataev)

61

Around the bend in the channel a city appeared. Lights were lit in it. Near the port, behind the pier, in the fleeting twilight, planes tied to poles were barely visible, like horses in stalls. One small plane was orange and glowed like coal in the snow.

As the lights in the city flared up, the ember-plane in the snow died out and the motley “sausage” swinging on a mast above the airport building sank into the sky into twilight.

From a distance, the city, clinging to the right bank of the channel, almost at its mouth, seemed scattered, the houses in it were scattered everywhere: where it was dense, where it was empty, as if from an airplane they were scattering houses in handfuls across the forest-tundra. But then the lights came on everywhere, the houses were no longer visible, and everything became orderly. City lights always hide something, hide something. Almost merging into a continuous chain, spots of lights border the timber exchange. In the middle of it, near the stacks, half-blind light bulbs blink rarely and reluctantly. Closer to the Old Town, at the entrance gates, timber trucks hum with a continuous hum. There are more lights near them. In the New Town there is another square - the brightest - an ice skating rink. On the outskirts, the square is no longer a square, but a curved arc of light bulbs stretched along the shore - an oil depot.

The city is encased in lights. People live and work, illuminated from all sides, and behind them there is darkness without end or edge. About ninety versts from the city, towards the north, the forest disappears completely. There's tundra there. There the night is brighter from the snow, not shaded by forests and housing. The night is endless and restless from the dawn.

(According to V. Astafiev)

62

Somehow we have golden nuts on our Christmas trees!

I remember when I was a child, we gilded them ourselves. It wasn't that easy. In order to take a golden leaf out of the book, you had to carefully blow on it. Then, with a slight rustle, it would rise, and you could very carefully, with two fingers, take it out of the book and hold it suspended, listening to the rustling sound it made, almost inaudible and yet - oddly enough - metallic.

In order to properly prepare a golden nut, the following things were required: a tea saucer with milk, a hammer, wallpaper nails, and some multi-colored garus. You had to blow into the book so that the golden leaves in it would move, and then gently take out one of them with clean, dry fingers. On dirty or wet fingers - God forbid! - golden traces immediately remained, similar to pollen imprints from butterfly wings, and the leaf leaf turned out to be hopelessly damaged and perforated.

If it was possible to remove a leaf leaf from the book without damaging it and, with the greatest care, place it on a clean, dry table, then another operation lay ahead, not so delicate, but still requiring cleanliness and accuracy: you had to take a walnut with two fingers - sometimes In our city they called it Voloshsky - if possible, beautiful, ripe, of a new harvest, with a clean, hard shell, and evenly dump it in a saucer with milk, after which, after waiting for the excess milk to drain, carefully place it on a leaf leaf and roll it into it in such a way that the entire nut is covered with gold. Thus gilded, slightly damp, but delightfully, the mirror-luminous golden nut was laid aside on a clean windowsill, where it quickly dried and became even more beautiful.

(According to V. Kataev)

63

Heavy turret guns thundered overhead, and the air shook from the shots. Apparently, the battle flared up in full force, deciding the fate of one of the warring parties.

Downstairs, in the operating room itself, it was quiet. Electric light bulbs burned brightly. Dressed in white coats, doctors, paramedics, and orderlies stood solemnly, as if at a review, waiting for the victims of the war. Near the exit door, to the side of it, engineer Vasiliev was sitting on a stool, stretching out his untreated leg and holding crutches in his hands. He looked at the priest standing at a distance, as if admiring his robe, shimmering with gold and crimson shades, his fiery red beard, bordering his loose and pale face. Dobrovolsky stood in a carefree pose, with his hands behind him. The junior doctor of the Aurors, a short, plump blond, crossed his arms over his chest and bowed his head, thinking about something. Perhaps, in thoughts far from this room, he is somewhere talking with people dear to him.

Next to him, pinching his chestnut beard with his hand, stood senior doctor Makarov, tall, thin, with a long, matte face. And although everything had long been prepared for receiving the wounded, he looked around his property with his usual gaze: cabinets with glass shelves, large and small jars with various medicines and solutions, open nickel-plated boxes with sterilized dressings, a set of surgical instruments. Everything was in place: morphine, camphor, ether, ointment for burns, needles with silk placed in a solution of carbolic acid, hair brushes, hot water, basins with soap and a brush for washing hands, enamel buckets - as if all these items were on display for sale and buyers are about to flood in.

People were silent, but everyone, despite the difference in facial expressions, had the same thing deep down in their souls - tense anticipation of something terrible. However, there was nothing terrible. Glowing with electricity, the walls and ceiling of the room sparkled white. To the left, as you look from the door, there was an operating table covered with a clean sheet. I looked at him and thought, who will be the first to writhe on him in painful convulsions?

Refreshing the air, fans hummed near the side, humming insistently and monotonously, like bumblebees.

We felt that the battleship was hit by shells - one, then another. Everyone looked at each other, but the wounded did not appear.

(According to A. Novikov-Priboy)

64

We headed deep into the tropical forest. We had to stock up on raincoats and umbrellas. But the rain quickly gives way to bright sun. When it rains, everything becomes silent, all life becomes silent. But then the rain passed, the blue sky appeared, the sun shone, and everything came to life. The incredible chattering of cicadas begins, some kind of peculiar rustling, crackling of branches. Many hummingbirds and various insects fly out, among which every now and then you can see huge, amazingly beautiful blue mother-of-pearl butterflies. Catching them is very difficult due to the swampy soil. This is the real forest. What is peculiar, first of all, in this forest is the huge number of bent and fallen trees.

The usual route through such a tropical forest is through rivers and streams, like a system of canals, along which it is possible, albeit with difficulty, to move by boat. All the time we have to clear the way, pushing apart fallen trees. The rivers of the tropical forests abound with fish, alligators, and turtles. Swampy forests are full of frogs, snakes, ants. An absolutely incredible variety of life forms of all kinds fills the rainforest. Occasionally you can hear the roar of jaguars, the only large animal in the tropical South American forests. Among the trees and above the trees, birds of paradise and motley parrots often fly out in whole groups, especially after rain, filling the air with their peculiar rumble. Almost every minute, huge beetles the size of a small bird fly overhead.

Living in such a forest is not easy, and therefore the vast expanses of tropical forests are still very sparsely populated, although there is no doubt, as the experience of other countries shows, that it is possible to clear tropical forests and build roads, as we witnessed in the Amazon.

(According to N. Vavilov)

65

The caravan moved slowly along less traveled paths, stopping in rare villages for the night. Subsequently, we had to encounter many difficult mountain paths, but, perhaps, this was the most difficult. The passage to Garm was separated by an almost vertical mountain cliff, cut in half. The horses had to be led downhill, through mountain rivers. The guides, crossing a crack more than a meter wide, created a living bridge over which my companion and I had to cross. It was especially difficult for the Khan given his seven-pound weight.

After crossing the crack, a significant part of the path went along the edge of the glacier. We spent the night under the rocks. The trip was not designed for overnight stays near glaciers. The lack of warm clothes forced us to move on quickly. The state of someone who has been freezing for two days is not very pleasant, and it is mitigated only by a general decreased tone - indifference to everything, no matter what happens.

There was a passage ahead, familiar to travelers in the Pamirs, through wooden frames in the form of narrow strips driven into the rocks hanging over the abyss, suitable only for careful crossing on foot. Even now we remember one of these difficult transitions.

The road wound like a thin snake along the river along a steep mountain above an abyss up to 1000 m deep. Every now and then the natural path was replaced by an artificially made step made of wooden crossbars covered with flooring. The path sometimes narrowed, sometimes widened, and sometimes it was a whole staircase with high steps, along which even horses accustomed to mountains could be moved only with great care.

It’s as if the most difficult path has been passed, you can sit on a horse and move on. Suddenly, from the rocks above the path, two large eagles fly from a nest, flapping their huge wings. The horse snores and begins to gallop along the path. The reins suddenly fell out of my hands and I had to hold on to the mane. There are ledges of rocks overhead. And below, in an abyss of a thousand meters, the beautiful blue Pyanj flows rapidly - the headwaters of the great river of Central Asia... This is what the traveler subsequently remembers most. Such moments provide strength for life; they make the researcher ready for all difficulties, adversity, and surprises. In this regard, my first big trip was especially useful.

(According to N. Vavilov)

66

A huge distance separates the seemingly primitive sounds born in the bell tower from the subtlest perfection of symphonic music. But, honestly, you experience deep excitement listening to the measured strikes of the bell with the echoes of small bells and the chirping of sparrows, caught by the microphones in the bell tower in the pauses between strikes. The walls of the home cease to exist at these moments. You feel large spaces with an alarm bell floating above them, and your imagination can easily picture people going to the veche square, or the alarming turmoil of a city fire, or the enemy approaching the walls of a city.

Since ancient times, bells in Rus' have accompanied the entire life path of a person. The ringing of bells united people on holidays and in the face of the enemy. The bells called people to council, in bad weather they showed the way to lost travelers, the bell counted down the time. And, apparently, the mobilizing power of sounds was great, since Herzen called his rebellious magazine “The Bell”, if, having conquered the city, the enemy first of all took away the veche bell from it, and the Russian tsars sent the bells, like people, into exile for offenses.

Peter I melted bells into cannons. In the thirties, I remember, bells were also removed in our village of Orlov. A huge crowd of curious people. The women crossed themselves: “The tractors will pour.” And indeed, that same year, a brand new tractor drove through the village, its spurs sparkling, confirming for us boys the reality of the strange transformation.

The loudspeaker replaced the bell. But, you see, it’s interesting to hear and understand the sounds of the past. Remember, in the film “War and Peace” there is a solemn ringing of bells! In another painting, “Seven Notes in Silence,” there is a charming story about a belfry and bell ringers. And finally, a gramophone record that brings ringing sounds straight to your home...

The earth is not only “a land of lands of multiplied peoples, a conciliar collection of consonant languages.” The earth is not only within the borders of one state, on the shores of one continent, one ocean. The Earth is in a circle, in the global, blue horizon of the entire globe. Great in our eyes and a drop in the eyes of the Universe. One living, pulsating life. From an ecological point of view, this is the most vulnerable living organism - object number one. It is the totality of billions of lives, human and otherwise.

And this great life called Earth is now under the terrible threat of a devilishly black fire, so recklessly created on its own head by the hands and thoughts of man himself, the son of the Earth. There is little consolation in the fact that most of this fire has been stockpiled and has not yet taken up its attacking positions everywhere. But if he makes his prominence jump from warehouses and rocket launch sites, it will be too late. This is fire in a cube, fire in the volume of the entire Earth. The fire is not just for an individual, but for all of humanity, for everything that is entirely called “living”, Life with a capital “L”. This is what mainly concerns and concerns us.

We must protect Planet Earth, Planet Life as the most precious thing for each of us and for all of us together. To protect the world of the great human mind, our world today and tomorrow. Preserve the memory and culture of civilization. And this task is an urgent task for the entire Earth. The Earth, which is us, all humanity. And we not only must, but also are obliged to protect it around us and within ourselves (232 words).

V. Isaev “Our Life is Earth”

For the fourth time, the Ural State Pedagogical University became a regional platform for holding the educational event of the Russian Geographical Society “All-Russian Geographical Dictation” in the city of Yekaterinburg. On November 11, more than 150 people wrote it in two classrooms of the USPU. Among them are teachers and staff of USPU, students, and schoolchildren. The organizer, as in previous years, was. The dictation was led by a doctor of psychological sciences, professor, rector of the USPU and a famous traveler and writer Nikolai Rundqvist.

- I'm happy to be with you today, - said Svetlana Aligarevna, - and I will try not only to dictate, but also to write this dictation. Very interesting work awaits us. But first of all, let us remember that this dictation is conducted by the Russian Geographical Society. This is an all-Russian dictation with international participation. Today, residents of all regions of our country and foreign countries, including Argentina, Costa Rica, Germany, Ukraine, Korea, Vietnam and others, will write it with us.

Before the dictation there was a geographical warm-up - a quick survey on knowledge of the facts of the history of the Russian Geographical Society. The participants recalled that the Russian Geographical Society was founded in 1845, the idea of its creation belonged to the geographer, navigator, admiral, then president of the Academy of Sciences Fedor Petrovich Litka, and that the Russian writer, who at the end of the 19th century traveled to Sakhalin and single-handedly produced population census, there was Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The most active warm-up participants were rewarded with applause from the audience, and volunteers - GBF students - presented them with small prizes.

Then the dictation itself began. It lasted 45 minutes, and participants had to answer 30 questions. The Middle Urals wrote the first version of the Geographical Dictation for the European part of Russia. Therefore, most of the questions were related to the territory of the country located in front of the Ural Mountains. There were many questions about knowledge of the history of geographical science, the personalities of famous scientists and travelers, and the ability to navigate satellite maps. Some questions were quite complex, requiring only knowledge, others could be answered using logic and observation (often illustrations on the screen provided a hint).

Some questions were aimed more at an older audience. Today's 40-year-olds and older well remember the song of the bard Alexander Gorodnitsky, which sings about a certain country that “is so similar to Russia, but still not Russia” (“The sky is blue above Canada”), but 20-year-olds and younger hardly whether. Just like the question “Whose guide was Dersu Uzala?” (books by Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev were once a favorite teenage read, but this can most likely be said about the generation of the 1960s and 70s). Other questions, on the contrary, are formulated in such a way that they are easier to answer for young participants.

The question about “the science that studies seasonal phenomena in nature” caused great excitement in the room. You can be absolutely sure that at USPU, where there is a Faculty of Geography and Biology, this question did not cause any difficulties for anyone related to the faculty!

The results of the dictation will be known after November 30 on the Russian Geographical Society website: https://dictant.rgo.ru/page/rezultaty In order to find out, you must save your personal number issued during registration.

After the dictation Svetlana Aligarevna shared her thoughts and emotions:

- I liked it very much. You don’t know everything the first time, but thanks to the fact that you have the opportunity to travel around the country, you can give at least a tentative answer to many questions. I think I answered some questions accurately. But in others, on the contrary, I think I could have been mistaken. But this is not the main thing. Every person needs, it is important and curious to know the geography and history of their country. The main effect of such events is that after such dictations you want to pick up books, magazines, the Internet and test yourself, find this information, find out the correct answers to these questions. This is a developing effect, a desire to learn more and write better next time. For example, there were a lot of questions about the Volga - and now I really want to look at the map and find out about all the Volga cities. In addition, next year we will have the Year of Children's Tourism, and events such as Geographical Dictation are a good start, an impetus for traveling and getting to know your country.

It is especially important for our university that we try to support all the initiatives of the Russian Geographical Society, because this is precisely the society that allows us to feel the unity of our country in time and space. And not only in the political framework, but in natural, climatic aspects, in terms of studying the territory in which we live. This is a very important aspect of self-awareness; like no other, it brings us closer to the origins, to our own roots.

A senior teacher shared her impressions:

- It was very interesting, although the questions seemed difficult. History was presented more than nature; there were many questions about facts that you just need to know. Now I want to look at the sources - the Internet, encyclopedias, and find the right answers or make sure I didn’t make a mistake. I am confident in some answers; I answered others intuitively, based on what is stored in the nooks and crannies of my memory. The main thing is that it was interesting! And it makes you want to think and search.

The dictation was commented on by the dean of the Faculty of Geography and Biology, member of the Russian Geographical Society:

- The tasks themselves this year, in my opinion, are a little simpler. She noted that a lot of tasks are related to individuals who in one way or another developed geography. Knowledge of maps was necessary, logic was necessary. It was, of course, difficult for us, residents of the Urals, to answer some questions - for example, using the outlines of an object, choosing the map that shows the lake in Valdai. A similar task for an object located in our region would most likely not be difficult for us. I was pleased with the question about phenology, because we are doing it. The fact that this question ended up in the Geographical Dictation is very good for the popularization of this science.

Everyone who was not too lazy to come to USPU and other venues on this cold autumn day received sincere pleasure from the intellectual exercise that was the Geographical Dictation. Quite a few participants wrote the dictation online.

A slightly provocative name for the current campaign “Is the Earth Flat?” once again reminded both those who came and those who simply heard about this action (it is unlikely that among those who put aside all other matters and wrote this dictation offline or online, there were supporters of the “flat Earth” theory!) that knowledge about our planet Earth has been collected over many centuries thanks to the methodical, persistent, heroic, and sometimes dangerous work of explorers and navigators, practitioners and scientists. It is thanks to them that maps of the Earth today are as close as possible to reality, and the current level of knowledge allows us to discover many secrets of nature. Objective knowledge is obtained through painstaking identification of genuine facts and their repeated verification of truth. And the result is what is called a scientific picture of the world - something that ultimately is the task of education and enlightenment, including such mass educational events as Geographical Dictation.

Press service of USPU
Text: Irina Shamanaeva
Photo: Vasily Vasiliev, Sergey Grachev

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