The city is located in the east of the Fergana Valley, at an altitude of more than 1000 m above sea level. Osh is surrounded on three sides by hills and low rocky spurs of the Alai Range. One of the spurs in the form of a rock more than 100 m high rises in the center of the city and is called Sulaiman-Too. The city is divided into two parts by the turbulent mountain river Ak-Bura.
The exact date of the establishment of the city of Osh is unknown. Legends connect its foundation with the name of Alexander the Great and even the prophet Solomon (Suleiman).
Scientists still cannot come to a consensus on the etymology of the city’s name, its roots go back so far into the depths of centuries. Servants of religious cults are trying to connect the origin of the city with legends, in particular those associated with the biblical Sulaiman - King Solomon. So one legend says that Sulaiman led his army, and in front he drove a pair of oxen with a plow, when the oxen reached the famous mountain, the king said: “Hosh!” ("Enough"). This is how the name of the city that appeared here came about. But none of the legends explains either the fact of the emergence of the city or the etymology of its name, but testifies to the antiquity of the agricultural activities of the inhabitants of these places.
The city of Osh is one of the ancient urban centers of Central Asia and, without a doubt, the oldest in Kyrgyzstan. Its written history goes back over a thousand years, and archaeological finds go back three thousand years. Osh was first mentioned in Arabic sources of the 9th century.
On the southern slope of Mount Suleiman, considered sacred since time immemorial and containing evidence of ancient cults of the Islamic period, ancient agricultural settlements of the Bronze Age were discovered. It is with them that the emergence of the city of Osh is associated.
Almost nothing has survived from ancient Osh. According to archaeologists, in ancient times Osh was surrounded by a fortress wall, had three gates, and a citadel rose inside, surrounded by a shakhristan. The cathedral mosque was located near the bazaar, not far from the Ak-Bura River.
The further development of the city is directly related to its geographical location. The city is located in a fertile valley at the foot of the Pamirs, Pamir-Alai. In ancient times and the Middle Ages, Osh was a crossing point on trade caravan routes from India and China to Europe. Here passed one of the branches of the Great Silk Road - the most important trade artery of antiquity, connecting the East with the West.
One of the pages of the history of the city of Osh is associated with the name of Zahireddin Muhammad Babur (1483-1530), one of the representatives of the Timurid dynasty. Sheikh Omar - the great-grandson of the great Timur (Tamerlane) - was the ruler of the Ferghana possessions of Transoxiana. When Omar died, twelve-year-old Babur ascended the throne and inherited his Fergana domain. In his work "Baburnama", which became a remarkable literary and artistic monument and a valuable source on the history of the peoples of Central Asia at the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th centuries, he described the cities of Osh in detail and reliably. Babur had visited Osh more than once and knew this city very well.
In addition, Osh was one of the religious Muslim centers of Central Asia. This is largely due to the legends and traditions about Mount Sulaiman-Too, which folk tales endow with the power and ability to heal any ailments of pilgrims. From the X-XI centuries. and at the beginning of the 20th century, at the foot of Suleiman-Too, on its slopes and even on the peaks, many religious buildings were erected by Muslims: mazars, mosques, etc.
In the early 80s of the XIX century. After the annexation of Kyrgyzstan to Russia, a new city arose on higher ground south of old Osh. New Osh began to quickly be built up by Russian settlers. The construction of streets and neighborhoods in the new part of the city was carried out according to a plan drawn up by military topographers. The new part of the city had straight and well-greened streets. The rectangular blocks were divided into sections.
After the victory of the October Revolution, the textile industry developed widely in Osh. In 1931, a railway was built from Kara-Suu to Osh. In subsequent years, many industrial enterprises of various profiles were built in Osh.
In modern Osh there is one of the largest cotton mills in Central Asia, a silk mill, enterprises in the construction industry, metalworking, mechanical engineering, enterprises in the light, food, and woodworking industries, and an airport.
The main attractions of the city are the Osh United Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve, where you will enjoy the panorama of the entire city opening from the height of the mountain, as well as many different wonderful exhibits and materials from the local history museum, rock paintings and inscriptions of Sulaiman-Too; Ak-Bura fortress (I-XII centuries), architectural monuments: Asaf-ibn-Burkhiya mausoleum (XI-XVII centuries), Rawat-Abdullahan mosque (XVII-XVIII centuries), Mohammed Yusuf Baykhodzhi-Ogly mosque (1909 .).
There are many parks and historical and cultural monuments: St. Michael the Archangel Church, Sadykbay Mosque, Takht-i-Suleiman Mosque, Shah-id-Tepa Mosque, medieval bathhouse; memorial complex “Evening Fire”; monuments to: V.I. Lenin, Toktogul Satylganov, Abdykadyrov, Sultan Ibraimov, Orozbekov, Kurmanzhan-Datka, Alisher Navoi; Osh settlement: cave “Echo of Love”, grotto “Swallow’s Nest”; the most beautiful places: Kyl-Kuprik, Beshik-Tash, Chakki-Tamar, Kol-Tash, Sylyk-Tash; as well as an ancient cemetery and petroglyphs.
The Great Silk Road Museum has also been opened in Osh. Unique exhibits tell about milestones in the development of the material world of the peoples of the region - from the Stone Age to the present. These are mainly finds of archaeologists, historians, and ethnographers.
Since ancient times, Osh has been famous for its bazaars and caravanserais. On the left bank of the Ak-Bura River is its main bazaar, which is a classic example of an eastern covered market - tim. For more than two thousand years, the bazaar has lived its noisy and vibrant life, changing its buildings and expanding its boundaries, but remaining in the same place, chosen in ancient times.
Osh (Kyrgyzstan Osh) is a city of republican subordination in Kyrgyzstan, the administrative center of the Osh region. Population - 243,300 people. (permanent population of the city as of January 1, 2015), within the boundaries of the territory subordinate to the city administration (including 11 suburban villages) 270,300 people. The second most populous city in Kyrgyzstan, officially called the “Southern Capital”.
Population
Osh is the second most populous city in Kyrgyzstan after Bishkek, the largest city in the south of the country. According to an estimate as of January 1, 2015, the city’s population was 243,300 people; in addition to the city of Osh itself, 11 suburban villages (Almalyk, Arek, Gulbaar-Toloikon, Japalak, Kenesh, Kerme-Too, Ozgur, Orke, Pyatiletka, Toloikon) are subordinate to the city administration , Teeke) with a total population of 27 thousand inhabitants, the area of the territory subordinate to the administration of the city of Osh is 182 square kilometers. The population of the city with its suburbs was estimated at 500 thousand inhabitants (as of 2012). In addition to Uzbeks (48%) and Kyrgyz (43%), Russians, Turks, Tatars, Uighurs, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis and other nationalities live in Osh. The city administration of Osh is subordinate to 11 suburban villages (with a total population of 25,295 people), in which the vast majority of the population are Kyrgyz (23,520 people, 93.0%), and Uzbeks make up a minority of the population (1,567 people, 6.2%). %).
Languages of instruction
Despite the departure of Russian-speaking residents to their historical homeland in the city in the 2011-2012 academic year, out of 56 institutions providing secondary education, 10 taught in Russian, 11 - in Kyrgyz and Russian, for comparison in the 2006-2007 academic year in the city out of 56 schools, 15 schools had Kyrgyz as the language of instruction (7,853 students), 8 schools had Russian as the language of instruction (7,658 students), there were 14 schools with Uzbek as the language of instruction (10,073 students), 16 schools with two languages of instruction (25,608 students), 3 schools with three languages of instruction (4,378 students).
Geography
Osh is located in the south of Kyrgyzstan, 300 km southwest of Bishkek (700 km along the M43 highway). The city is located in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley, at the outlet of the Ak-Buura (Akbura) river from the foothills of the Alai Range, at an altitude of 870 to 1110 m.
The climate is continental, arid. The average temperature in January is −2 degrees Celsius, in July - +25 - +26 degrees Celsius. Precipitation falls in the region of 400-500 mm per year.
Osh was one of the religious Muslim centers of Central Asia. It is best known for the ancient mosques in the city center, as well as Mount Sulaiman-Too (Takht-i-Sulaiman, Throne of Solomon), which is one of the places of pilgrimage for Central Asian Muslims.
In ancient times
The city is located in a foothill oasis, which has long been inhabited by people long before the Kyrgyz people arrived there from the Yenisei (about 500 years ago). A settlement of Bronze Age farmers was discovered on the southern slope of Mount Sulaiman-Too. Osh was one of the oldest villages in Kyrgyzstan; it is now officially proposed that the history of the city goes back about 3 thousand years, but in historical…
The Kyrgyz city of Osh is located in a convenient place: where the Fergana Valley is located, where the Pamir Highway passes, where caravans heavily loaded with silk, spices and gold jewelry passed from time immemorial. The pride of the city is visible from everywhere: Mount Solomon stands in the very center of the city, it is the destination of many pilgrims who flock to it to offer prayer. From the top of this mountain-rock there is a view of the whole of Osh, which stretches out like a giant multi-colored carpet - albeit shabby in appearance, but this has not made it any less valuable.
THREE THOUSAND YEARS IN THE OASIS
Local residents claim that their city of Osh is no less than three thousand years old, although scientists are ready to argue with this statement.
However, if we look for the roots of the name of the city, known since the 9th century, we can assume that it is somehow connected with the Turkic tribal name osh, and the ancestors of this tribe lived right here, in the south of present-day Kyrgyzstan, on the banks of fast rivers that descended from the mountains Pamir-Alai, rushing into the fertile Fergana Valley. The city itself stands at an altitude of more than a kilometer above sea level, surrounded on three sides by hills and low rocky spurs of the Alai Range.
The city is located in a foothill oasis; people have lived here for a long time, half a thousand years before the arrival of the Kyrgyz from the Yenisei. On the southern slope of the sacred mountain Sulayman-Too (Mount Suleiman), archaeologists found a settlement of Bronze Age farmers.
Who founded the city is still unknown to science. At the official level in the republic and the city it was announced that Osh is one of the oldest settlements in Kyrgyzstan and its history goes back about 3 thousand years. There is no direct evidence of this, but local residents are sure that the truth lies in ancient legends. And they tell that Osh was founded by King Solomon himself and it was his mausoleum that is located at the foot of Mount Sulaiman-Too, made of limestone. Whether this is true or not, in any case, Osh is one of the oldest cities in Kyrgyzstan (along with neighboring Uzgen), since the earliest mention of Osh in historical documents dates back to the 9th century, and traces of habitation are much older.
In the 10th century Osh was the third largest city of Fergana - an ancient historical region (and kingdom) in the valley of the same name, being the intersection point of caravan routes from India and China to Europe, and the Great Silk Road passed through it. If you look at the map, there is nothing surprising in this: the city simply occupied the only place through which one could enter the Fergana Valley, where, in the old days, trading took place mainly in endless bazaars.
In 1876, the Russian Empire annexed the Kokand Khanate, which included Osh, and Osh found itself in Russia, with the status of the administrative center of the Osh district of the Fergana region.
After the establishment of Soviet power in Kyrgyzstan in 1939, the city became the center of the Osh region. In Soviet Kyrgyzstan, Osh was a major industrial center, second only to the city of Frunze (now Bishkek). Currently, the importance of the city has decreased somewhat due to the outflow of population.
The city of Osh is a famous site of ethnic clashes between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in the 1990s, a conflict averted by the entry of Soviet troops into the city and the imposition of a curfew. Clashes between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks repeated in 2010 and led to numerous casualties and a flow of refugees. Almost a thousand residential buildings were destroyed.
The Kyrgyz city of Osh stands at the outlet of the Ak-Buura River from the Pamir-Alai Mountains in the southeastern section of the Fergana Valley.
CITY BY THE THRONE OF SOLOMON
Mount Sulaiman-Too, or Solomon's Throne, is one of the places of pilgrimage for Muslims in Central Asia, located within the city of Osh.
Today's Osh is the second most populous city in Kyrgyzstan (after the capital Bishkek), officially called the Southern capital.
Local residents ask to call themselves nothing other than Oshane.
The ethnic composition of the city is quite peculiar: approximately equal numbers of Uzbeks (there are a few of them) and Kyrgyz, the rest are Russians, Turks, Tatars, Uyghurs, Tajiks, and Azerbaijanis. Despite the active emigration of Russians to their historical homeland after the collapse of the USSR, the Russian language is still popular in the city, and remains the language of international communication. In addition, Russian is also necessary in connection with the mass labor migration of city residents to the Russian Federation.
In our time, the city of Osh has not lost its transport significance. From here begins the Pamir Highway, a highway connecting the cities of Osh with the Tajik Khorog and the capital of Tajikistan - Dushanbe. From here there is a direct route to Afghanistan, the city of Mazar-i-Sharif, from here you can get to one of the oldest Uyghur cities - Kashgar, and climb the Pamir or Tien Shan mountains.
There is a lively trade in the city, mainly at the Central Market. And in the suburbs, 22 km from the city, the largest market in the Fergana Valley, “Turata-ly Bazars”, is located.
The main attraction of the city is the sacred mountain Sulaiman-Too, which stands right in the middle of the city. It is also the only site of Kyrgyzstan on the UNESCO list since 2009. Even in the early Middle Ages, the mountain had cult significance for all believers, especially for fire worshipers. There is a version that the prophet of Zoroastrianism and the creator of the sacred book “Avesta” Zarathustra lived and created his teachings in a cave on Mount Sulaiman-Too. It is known that it was here that one of the earliest temples of the Zoroastrian cult of water and fire was located - the temple of the Ohsho River. Perhaps the name of the city comes from these words. Petroglyphs are carved on the rocky outcrops of the mountain, on the walls of caves and grottoes.
Before Soviet rule, on the eastern tip of Mount Sulaiman-Too there was a particularly revered ancient “house of Babur”. In fact, this is the Takhti-Suleiman Mosque. Previously, this building was associated with the name of Muhammad Zahiriddin Babur, a descendant of Timur (Tamerlane), and was called Babur's house. In Soviet times it was destroyed, but in our time it has been restored.
Another ancient architectural monument is the mausoleum of Asaf ibn Bukhria. According to legends, it was named after the mythical associate of King Solomon named Asaf ibn Bukhriyya, who bequeathed to bury him after his death at the foot of this mountain. An architectural structure was erected over his grave, which over its centuries-old history was repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt by new generations.
In addition to Muslim monuments, the city’s only monument of Russian Orthodox architecture from the early 20th century is located in the central square of the city. - Michael the Archangel Church. Surprisingly, this church survived all the hardships and in 1991 was returned to the Orthodox religious community.
FUN FACTS
■ Geologically, the five-domed Suleiman Mountain (Sulaiman-Too), rising in the very center of the city, is one of the spurs of the Alai Range in the form of a rock more than 100 m high.
■ According to an ancient legend, the army of King Solomon came to the place where the current city of Osh stands, ahead of which were oxen with plows. It was here that Suleiman stopped the oxen, saying “Hosh!” (Enough!). From here, as storytellers are sure, the name of the city came from.
■ The sacred mountain of Muslims, Sulaiman-Too, was depicted on the coat of arms of Osh, which was supremely approved in 1908. The silhouette of the same mountain occupies a central place in the modern coat of arms of Osh. Above the silhouette of the mountain is a golden sun with rays emanating from it, the entire composition is surrounded by a blue Kyrgyz ornament with the inscription “OSH” at the bottom.
■ Osh Uzbek Academic Music and Drama Theater named after Babur in the city of Osh is the oldest professional theater in Kyrgyzstan, the second oldest theater in Central Asia (after the Tashkent Bolshoi Theater named after Alisher Navoi). Founded in 1918. Theater artists helped the Soviet authorities fight the Basmachi, transporting weapons in a cart with theatrical props, and at the same time they dressed up as an ishan - a religious preacher - and his students - the murids, whom the Basmachi took with honor to where they needed to go.
■ There is a series of legends according to which the city of Osh was founded by none other than the invincible commander and emperor Alexander the Great.
ATTRACTIONS
■ Historical: Surot-Tash rock (100 rock carvings of the 1st millennium BC), Ak-Bura fortress (I-XII centuries), Osh United Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve (house on the eastern end of Mount Sulaiman-Too , XIV century).
■ Architectural: Alymbek-Paravanchi-Datka and Mukhamedboy-Turk-Khal Muratbaev madrasahs, a medieval bathhouse.
■ Religious: center of pilgrimage for Muslims of Central Asia, Mount Sulayman-Too (Tash-Suleiman, Takht-i-Suleiman, Throne of Solomon), mausoleum of Asaf-ibn-Burkhiya (XI-XVII centuries), Sheyit-Dobo mosque, Acha-Mazar, Sadykbay, Shahid-Tepa, Rawat Abdullah Khan (XVII-XVIII centuries), Muhammad Yusuf Baykhodzhi-Ogly (1909), Sulaiman-Too (2012), Michael the Archangel Church.
■
Osh- one of largest cities in the Fergana Valley, generally recognized second(southern) capital of Kyrgyzstan.
The city is located in the eastern part Fergana Basin, in the south of the country, 300 km from Bishkek a. It spreads over an area of about 16 square meters. km, at an altitude of 700-1000 m above sea level between the spurs of the Alai Range, one of which rises in the form of a 100-meter cliff in the central region of the city and is called Sulaiman-Tao.
Osh is a large administrative, economic and cultural center of the region of the same name, with a population of 234 thousand people.
The bulk of the population is made up of Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in almost equal shares (more than 40%), significantly smaller shares are represented by Russians, Turks and Tatars (2-2.5%), Koreans, Uyghurs, Ukrainians and Germans also live here, but these nationalities account for less than one percent of the mass of citizens.
The climate of the region is sharply continental with a pronounced change of seasons. Winter in the city is mild with frequent thaws, spring is early, summer is hot and dry. The hottest month is July, with average temperatures +24C, +26C. The first autumn frosts begin in October. In winter, the temperature rarely drops below -10C.
In spring, heavy downpours leading to mudflows are common.
The city area is moderately seismic and mudflow hazardous.
It is believed that Osh- one of the most ancient cities in Central Asia, the exact date of its formation is not known, but based on archaeological research data, we can safely assume that its age is about 3000 years.
There are still heated debates about the origin of the city and its name; many are inclined to assume the involvement of Alexander the Great and even the biblical king Solomon in this event.
There is a legend that once in one of his King Solomon's campaigns (Sulaiman) led the army, and in front drove a pair of oxen harnessed to a plow. As soon as the oxen reached the famous rock (and this, as you understand, happened in the vicinity of the city), the king liked the resting place, and he shouted to stop the animals: “ Hosh!» - « That's enough!”, this exclamation gave the name to the future city.
The legend is really beautiful, but it does not explain either the origin of the city or the etymology of its name, so scientists adhere to a different version.
The basis of today's Osh was a Bronze Age settlement discovered by archaeologists on Mt. Sulaiman-Tao, there, much later, the first city temple of fire worshipers appeared, dedicated to the paired cult of fire and water (Ohsho), this is what scientists explain the etymology names Osh. By the way, on the southern slope Sulaiman-Tao, considered a sacred mountain since time immemorial, contains evidence of religious cults and other periods, which indicates that the rock was the center of an ancient settlement.
From medieval Osh almost nothing remained, but based on archaeological data, one can imagine that the city was surrounded by a fortress wall with three gates, its center had a citadel surrounded by a shakhristan, the cathedral mosque was located near the bazaar, next to the river Ak-Bura.
It was a period of rapid development Osha, thanks to its favorable geographical position. The city was located at the intersection of particularly busy highways The Great Silk Road, which contributed to the development of trade, science, culture and crafts.
One of the unforgettable pages in the history of the city is associated with the name of his son Timurid dynasty - Zahireddin Muhammad Babur(1483-1530).
After the death of his father - Sheikh Omar, great-grandson of the famous Tamerlane, Babur inherited the estate Fergana, so I’ve been to it more than once Osha and knew this city very well, as evidenced by the lines from the immortal creation “ Babur-Name».
From time immemorial Osh was one of the religious centers Central Asia, this is largely due to the location on its territory Mount Sulaiman-Tao, which legends and traditions endow with miraculous powers capable of healing physical and mental illnesses. The mountain is so popular among local Muslims that it is recognized as a great shrine and equal in importance to Mecca.
After the defeat Kokand Khanate troops of Tsarist Russia, Osh came under its protectorate, and in 1878 the Russians came here. On a small hill south of the old city they began to rebuild new Osh. The city was planned by military topographers and turned out very beautiful. Wide, well-landscaped streets, rectangular blocks divided into sections. From this moment on Osh received the status of a county center.
During the years of Soviet Power, the city turned into a large industrial hub, and since 1939, it has been the main city of Osh region.
In recent decades, tourists visiting Kyrgyzstan, will certainly come to Osh, this is due to an incredible amount sights - historical and ancient monuments, as well as interesting natural sites located in the city and its environs. Besides Osh is " transshipment base», movement of tourists to all destinations in the country.
The Holy Mountain is located in the center of the city and is the oldest monument of history and culture of the nation. Until the 16th century, it was called Bara-Kuh, then it was renamed Takhty-Sulaiman (“Solomon’s Throne”), then it was called Sulaiman-Too. Even at the dawn of the civilization that was emerging here, this mountain had a cult significance; there is a legend that Zarathustra himself lived in one of its caves and the famous...
| City | |||
| Osh | |||
| Kyrgyzstan Osh | |||
| Clockwise, starting from the upper right corner: Sulaiman-Too, monuments to Alymbek-Datka and Alisher Navoi, Aikol Manas, mosque named Sulaiman-Too | |||
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| 40°32′ N. w. 72°47′ E. d. | |||
| A country | Kyrgyzstan | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Osh | |||
| Mayor | Sarybashev Taalaibek Nasirbekovich | ||
| History and geography | |||
| First mention | 9th century | ||
| City with | 1876 | ||
| Square | 182, km² | ||
| Height | 870-1100 m | ||
| Timezone | UTC+6 | ||
| Population | |||
| Population | 267.0 thousand people (2017) | ||
| Density | 4935 people/km² | ||
| Agglomeration | 500 000 | ||
| National composition | Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Russians, Turks, Tatars, etc. | ||
| Confessional composition | Sunni Muslims, Orthodox Christians | ||
| Names of residents | oshane, oshanin, oshanka, oshtuk | ||
| Digital IDs | |||
| Telephone code | +996 3222 | ||
| Postcode | 723500 (714000 former) | ||
| Vehicle code | O, Z, 02 | ||
| oshcity.kg/index.php/ru/ (Russian) (Kyrgyz) |
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Osh |
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View of the city of Osh from Mount Sulaiman-Too
Osh(Kyrgyzstan Osh, Russian Osh) is a city of republican subordination in, the administrative center.
The second most populous city in Kyrgyzstan, officially called the “southern capital”. The city's own population is 240.2 thousand people. (as of January 1, 2017), and within the boundaries of the territory subordinate to the city administration (including 11 suburban villages) - 267.0 thousand people.
Population
Osh is the second most populous city in Kyrgyzstan after, the largest city in the south of the country. According to an estimate as of January 1, 2015, the city’s population was 243,300 people; in addition to the city of Osh itself, 11 suburban villages (Almalyk, Arek, Gulbaar-Toloikon, Japalak, Kenesh, Kerme-Too, Ozgur, Orke, Pyatiletka, Toloikon) are subordinate to the city administration , Teeke) with a total population of 27 thousand inhabitants, the area of the territory subordinate to the administration of the city of Osh is 182 square kilometers. The population of the city with its suburbs was estimated at 500 thousand inhabitants (as of 2012)
According to the 2009 census, Uzbeks made up 48%, and Kyrgyz - 43% of the city residents; Russians, Turks, Tatars, Uyghurs, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis and other ethnic groups also live in Osh.
In tsarist and Soviet times, the central part of the city was conventionally divided into the “old city” (the central market, the mosque and the area around them) where the local population mainly lived, and the “new city” (church / recreation center, drama theater, state administration) where a significant part of the population were Russians and Russian-speaking people.
| Ethnos | Number according to the census 2009 |
Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 232 816 | 100,00 % |
| Uzbeks | 112 469 | 48,31 % |
| Kyrgyz | 100 218 | 43,05 % |
| Russians | 6 292 | 2,70 % |
| Turks | 5 506 | 2,36 % |
| Tatars | 2 703 | 1,16 % |
| Turkmens | 885 | 0,38 % |
| Uyghurs | 791 | 0,34 % |
| Tajiks | 679 | 0,29 % |
| Azerbaijanis | 587 | 0,25 % |
| Ukrainians | 379 | 0,16 % |
| Koreans | 319 | 0,14 % |
| Kazakhs | 265 | 0,11 % |
| Chinese | 221 | 0,09 % |
| Kurds | 199 | 0,09 % |
| Dungans | 92 | 0,04 % |
| Germans | 90 | 0,04 % |
| other | 1121 | 0,48 % |
11 suburban villages are subordinate to the Osh city administration (with a total population of 25,295 people), in which the vast majority of the population are Kyrgyz (23,520 people, 93.0%), and Uzbeks make up a minority of the population (1,567 people, 6.2% ).
Languages of instruction
Despite the departure of Russian-speaking residents to their historical homeland in the city in the 2011-2012 academic year, out of 56 institutions providing secondary education, 10 taught in Russian, 11 - in Kyrgyz and Russian, for comparison in the 2006-2007 academic year in the city out of 56 schools, 15 schools had Kyrgyz as the language of instruction (7,853 students), 8 schools had Russian as the language of instruction (7,658 students), there were 14 schools with Uzbek as the language of instruction (10,073 students), 16 schools with two languages of instruction (25,608 students), 3 schools with three languages of instruction (4,378 students).
Geography
Fishing on the Ak-Buura River
Osh is located in the south of Kyrgyzstan, 300 km southwest of (700 km along the M43 highway). The city is located in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley, at the outlet of the Ak-Buura (Akbura) river from the foothills of the Alay range, at an altitude of 870 to 1110 m.
Climate
The climate is continental, arid. The average temperature in January is −2 degrees Celsius, in July - +25-+26 degrees Celsius. Precipitation falls in the region of 400-500 mm per year.
| Climate of Osh | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | Jan. | Feb. | March | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Year |
| Average maximum, °C | 2 | 4 | 12 | 18 | 25 | 31 | 33 | 32 | 27 | 19 | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| Average minimum, °C | −6 | −5 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 6 | −2 | −4 | 6 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 34 | 42 | 61 | 67 | 47 | 23 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 37 | 36 | 47 | 416 |
| Source: Yandex weather | |||||||||||||
Story
Osh was one of the religious Muslim centers of Central Asia. It is best known for the ancient mosques in the city center, as well as Mount Sulaiman-Too (Takht-i-Sulaiman, Throne of Solomon), which is a traditional place of pilgrimage.
In ancient times
The city is located in a foothill oasis, long inhabited by people long before the Kyrgyz people arrived there from the Yenisei (about five hundred years ago). A settlement of Bronze Age farmers was discovered on the southern slope of Mount Sulaiman-Too. Osh was one of the oldest villages in Kyrgyzstan; it is now officially proposed that the history of the city goes back about three thousand years, but in historical science it is customary to count the age of cities from the earliest mention in historical acts; The earliest mention of the city in chronicles dates back to the 9th century AD. e., which still allows us to consider it the oldest city in the country.
In the 10th century, Osh was considered the third largest city in Fergana, being the intersection point of caravan routes from and to China (see the Great Silk Road).
In the XI-XII centuries. Osh was part of the Turkic Karakhanid Khaganate, and then the Western Karakhanid Khaganate. In 1141 it was captured by the Mongol tribes of the Karakitais, and in 1210 it became part of the state of the Khorezmshahs.
In 1220, Osh was captured by the hordes of Genghis Khan and became part of the Chagatai ulus. In the 1340s it became part of Mogolistan, and in the 1380s it entered Timur's empire.
As part of the Russian Empire
In 1876, after the conquest of the Kokand Khanate, Osh became part of the Russian Empire (see Central Asian possessions of the Russian Empire).
Since 1876, the administrative center of Osh County.
The first-born of agricultural industrialization on the territory of the Sulaiman-Too local history museum
Osh has been part of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic since 1918. On October 14, 1924, as a result of the national-territorial demarcation of Central Asia within the RSFSR, the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was formed, which on May 25, 1925 was renamed the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. On February 1, 1926, its status and name was changed to the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and on December 5, 1936, it was withdrawn from the RSFSR as the union Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic.
During the period 1925-1936. Osh was the southernmost city of the RSFSR.
During the years of Soviet power, the city turned into a large industrial center, there were cotton and silk mills, grenage, cotton ginning and brick factories, reinforced concrete factories, clothing and shoe factories, food, engineering and metalworking industries.
In the 1950s, archaeologist Yuri Aleksandrovich Zadneprovsky found the remains of an ancient settlement on the southern slope of Sulaiman-Too, proving that the history of Osh dates back three millennia.
In 1990, interethnic clashes occurred between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in the cities of Osh and Uzgen. Clashes began over the allocation of plots for individual development to the Kyrgyz people on the fields of a suburban collective farm, while the Uzbeks were against this. Thanks to the entry of Soviet troops into the city, the clashes quickly ended. There was a curfew in the city for about two weeks.
Independent Kyrgyzstan
Commemorative coin of Kyrgyzstan, dedicated to the 3000th anniversary of the city
In 2000, by decree of the President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev, the 3000th anniversary of Osh was solemnly celebrated. Since then, a tradition has emerged to celebrate City Day on October 5th.
During the power crisis in 2005, Osh became one of the first cities to come under opposition control.
According to the law of November 3, 2008 No. 238 “On the abolition of administrative-territorial units located in the territories of cities of republican and regional significance,” the Zhapalak aiyl district was abolished in the city of Osh.
In the summer of 2010, after the April revolution and the weakening of the central government, clashes occurred between the Kyrgyz and Uzbeks, leading to numerous casualties and a flow of refugees to the territory of neighboring regions. The total number of destroyed objects was 888, of which 718 were residential buildings.
10 years after the adoption of the Law on the status of the city of Osh of 2003, on December 12, 2013, a new law No. 219 “On the status of the city of Osh” was adopted.
Symbols
City coat of arms 1908
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In the scarlet shield there is a silver mountain peak, accompanied on top by a golden crescent with horns upward. At the lower end of the shield are two golden ox heads with scarlet eyes. In the free part of the shield is the coat of arms of the Fergana region. The shield is decorated with a silver tower crown with three teeth and is surrounded by two vines connected by the Alexander ribbon.
Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire |
The silhouette of Mount Sulaiman-Too occupies a central place in the modern coat of arms of Osh. Above the silhouette of the mountain is a golden sun with rays emanating from it, the entire composition is surrounded by a blue Kyrgyz ornament with the inscription “OSH” at the bottom.
Economy
One of the city-forming enterprises was a cotton mill (KhBK), which was one of the largest in Central Asia and has been operating since Soviet times. Until recently, there was a silk mill (Osh-Zhibek JSC), a submersible pump plant, and a textile mill (Textilshchik JSC). The city is supplied with electricity by the Osh Thermal Power Plant.
The processing industry includes JSC "Kelechek" - Osh meat processing plant, bread producer JSC "Osh-Nan", a tobacco processing and fermentation plant.
Trade
The center of trade in the city is the central market located in the very center of the city.
In the suburbs, 22 km from the city (village administration of Sarai, Kara-Suu district), there is the largest market in the Fergana Valley, “Turataly Bazars”.
Currently, many new shopping centers are opening: “Kelechek”, “Datka”, etc.
Transport
City bus in Osh
The main type of local transport is automobile.
There are 56 city bus routes in the city, where about 1000 buses of various capacities are used, mainly Mercedes minibuses of low capacity (10-16 people). In December 2016, the city’s fleet received 30 new semi-low-floor LiAZ-5293.60 buses; in addition, Chinese-made buses remain in service. The city has had a trolleybus system since 1977.
For suburban and intercity communications, the city has two bus stations - No. 1 (the "Old" bus station in the city center) and No. 2 (the "New" bus station in the suburbs). Since September 2015, the routes of the central bus station have been transferred to the previously inactive station No. 2.
The city also has railway stations “Osh-1” and “Osh-2”, the main function of which is to service freight traffic. During the Soviet period, trailer passenger cars were formed at the Osh-1 station for trains departing from the railway. stations of Jalal-Abad and Andijan. Passenger service ceased in 1993; local service from Osh to Jalal-Abad was restored in 2000. ,
Osh Airport is actively working, receiving and sending local and international flights.
Culture, education, attractions
Observation deck and “Babur’s house” on Mount Sulaiman-Too
Mausoleum at the foot of Sulaiman-Too
Local history museum "Sulaiman-Too" in Osh
- Osh United Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve
The sacred mountain Sulaiman-Too, flaunting in the middle of the city of Osh. The only site of Kyrgyzstan on the UNESCO list (since 2009).
- The house on the eastern tip of Mount Sulaiman-Too was built in the 16th century by order of Babur. It was destroyed during Soviet times and was restored during the perestroika years.
- Takht-i-Suleiman Mosque
- Ak-Bura fortress (I-XII)
- Local history museum located in a cave of Mount Sulaiman-Too.
- The local history complex “The Great Silk Road” on the eastern side of Mount Sulaiman-Too, built to celebrate the city’s three thousandth anniversary
- Medieval bath
- Rock Surot-Tash (100 rock paintings of the 1st millennium BC)
Religious sites
Cemetery and mosque "Sulaiman-Too"
- Complex on Mount Sulaiman-Too ( Takht-i-Sulaiman - Solomon's Throne) has been a place of pilgrimage since at least the 10th century, especially popular among women wishing to get rid of infertility.
- Shahid Tepa Mosque for 5000 believers
- Acha Mazar Mosque
- Sadykbay Mosque
- Mausoleum of Asaf-ibn-Burkhia (XI-XVII)
- Rawat Abdullah Khan Mosque (XVII-XVIII)
- Mosque of Muhammad Yusuf Baykhodzhi coals (1909)
- Michael the Archangel Church
- In 2012, the largest mosque “Sulaiman-Too” was built
Theatres, Philharmonic societies, Cinemas
- National (Kyrgyz) Drama Theater named after S. Ibraimov
- Puppet theater (in the same building as the first one)
- State Academic Music and Drama Theater named after Babur
- Regional Philharmonic named after R. Abdykadyrov
- Cinema "Semetey"
- Cinema "Kyrgyzstan"
- Cinema "Nur" ("Luch")
- Cinema hall "Ak-Buura" in the building of the former regional consumer union
Monuments
Monument to Ryspai Abdykadyrov near the building of the regional philharmonic society of the same name in Osh
Monument at the ordo court
- Monuments to Toktogul Satylganov
- Monument to Barsbek Kagan
- Monument to Alymbek-datki
- Monument to Alisher Navoi
- Monumental complex "Aikol Manas". Opened in May 2013
- Monument to Kanykey, wife of Manas
- Monument to Kurmanzhan-Datki
- Monument to Rysbay Abdykadyrov
- Memorial complex "Eternal Flame"
- Memorial "Grieving Mother"
- Monument to internationalist soldiers in Afghanistan
- Monument to V.I. Lenin on the main square
- Monument to the car "GAZ-AA" ("Lorry")
Universities
Main building of Osh State University
- Osh State University (Lenin St., 331)
- Osh Technological University (Isanova St., 81)
- Osh Humanitarian-Pedagogical Institute named after A. Myrsabekov (Isanova St., 75)
- Osh Kyrgyz-Uzbek University
- Branch of the Russian State Social University.
mass media
- State television and radio company "ElTR"
- TV company "OshTV"
- TV company "Yntymak"
- TV company "Keremet"
- Television company "Mezon TV" (until 2010)
- Bashat TV Company is a private television company. It works in partnership with the Chinese National TV channel CCTV, and is also the official network partner of the Russian TV channel TNT-Comedy.
- “Osh Shamy” is a city socio-political newspaper. The publication is published in three languages: Kyrgyz, Russian and Uzbek
- Osh zhanyrygy - regional socio-political newspaper in the Kyrgyz language
- Echo Osha - regional socio-political newspaper in Russian
- Osh sadosi - regional socio-political newspaper in Uzbek language
- public advertising newspaper "Rek-Park" (formerly "Osh-Park")
- urban advertising newspaper "Osh Ordosu"
- IA AKI-Press Osh
- The newspaper "Biz" is a socio-political newspaper in the Uzbek and Kyrgyz languages.
Sport
- Football club "Alai"
- Sports club "Dynamo" for freestyle wrestling and football
- Sports club "Muhammad Umar" for judo and mixed martial arts.
Consulates
- Consulate General of the Russian Federation.
- Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- Consulate General of the People's Republic of China.
Twin Cities
- , (May 15, 1997)
- , (August 10, 1998)
- Khujand, (June 3, 2000)
- , (February 20, 2004)
