Kirmasov Yuri, student of grade 10b, Secondary School No. 49, Murmansk
An expedition to the mysterious shores on behalf of G.I. Nevelsky was headed by his associate, the young officer Konstantin Nikolaevich Boshnyak. The pioneers set off in April 1853, and in May the bay was discovered, named Boshnyak in honor of Emperor Nicholas - Imperial Harbor.
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Essay: History of the city of Sovetskaya Gavan
Student 10th grade MBOU secondary school No. 49 in Murmansk
2015
Municipal entity - Sovetsko-Gavansky municipal district is part of the Khabarovsk Territory as an administrative-territorial unit. Located on the southern shore of Sovetskaya Gavan Bay, 866 km from the city of Khabarovsk.
The history of the area begins on May 23, 1853, when during the Amur expedition, headed by G.I. Nevelskaya, one of the best natural harbors in the world was opened - Hadji Bay. Nevelskoy’s research was prompted by the urgent need to equip a harbor in the east of Russia that could accommodate large ships, as well as by the poor knowledge of the shores of the Tatar Strait: on the maps of that time there were no significant bays or bays in this area.
An expedition to the mysterious shores on behalf of G.I. Nevelsky was headed by his associate, the young officer Konstantin Nikolaevich Boshnyak. The pioneers set off in April 1853, and in May the bay was discovered, named Boshnyak in honor of Emperor Nicholas - Imperial Harbor.
“It is difficult to find such a Harbor in the whole world. All the fleets of the world can easily fit here in complete peace from all winds and bad weather. We can now, having such a harbor in our hands, the mouth of the Amur and Sakhalin, own all the trade of the North Pacific Ocean,” wrote V.A. with admiration. Rimsky-Korsakov.
On August 4 of the same significant year 1853, G.I. Nevelskoy founded the "military post of His Imperial Highness General Admiral Grand Duke Constantine" - the first Russian settlement in the Imperial Harbor Bay.
In 1907, Imperial Harbor became the most important timber trading center in the East of Russia, and the Australian timber concession was founded and operates here. By 1913, there were three settlements in the harbor on the shores of Mayachnaya and Yaponskaya bays, as well as a concession village.
In 1922, Imperial Harbor was renamed Sovetskaya Gavan. In 1925, the Sovetsky district was formed. From 1930 to 1948 it was part of the Primorsky Territory, and has existed within its modern borders since 1973 (after the separation of Vanino from the district).
In 1926, survey work was carried out to lay the railway route.
The 30s and 40s of the last century became a time of active economic development and the formation of social infrastructure for Sovetskaya Gavan. At this time, the first ship repair plant was being built and started operating. In June 1937, the first floating dock with a lifting capacity of 5 thousand tons arrived at the ship repair plant of the Ministry of the Navy; this year is considered the date of birth of the plant and the seaport. A flour mill, a special-purpose Far Eastern power plant, and a seaport were built. The Northern Pacific Flotilla was formed, construction of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur – Sovetskaya Gavan railway began, along which traffic was opened in 1945. The “Red Sewing Worker” artel, communications and trade enterprises, medical institutions, schools, kindergartens and nurseries, clubs, libraries, and an evening university operate here. In 1943, a machine-building plant was put into operation and a vocational school was opened.
In 1947, the railway line station “City of Komsomolsk-on-Amur” - station “City of Sovetskaya Gavan” was put into operation.
In 1948, the city of Sovetskaya Gavan with a coastal zone consisting of two workers' settlements and five village councils was transferred from Primorsky to Khabarovsk Territory.
In the 50s, construction trust No. 508 was organized in the city, a sausage factory came into operation, and bus service was opened. In 1973, the first products were produced by the Sovgavansky fish processing plant (later an oceanic fishing base and a dairy factory).
Since 1975, the MMF ship repair plant has become a small shipbuilding enterprise - it has launched the production of sea barges, sea tugs, self-propelled dies and various small floating craft.
In 1984, the KPD-6 plant began producing products. 1989 - creation of the design and construction association "Sovgavanspetsstroy".
In the early 90s, the first joint Russian-Japanese wood processing enterprise, Vanino-Tairiku, was created in Sovetskaya Gavan.
In 1993, the port was opened, and it became possible for ships flying a foreign flag to enter the harbor; Terminal OJSC accepted the first ship for loading.
In 1997, the first products to receive an international quality certificate were produced by the fish processing enterprise Vostokryba LLC.
In 2000, the port of Sovetskaya Gavan received international status.
In 2001, through road traffic Sovetskaya Gavan - Vanino - Lidoga - Khabarovsk was opened. Ship repair enterprises have begun fulfilling orders for the modernization of equipment used in the development of the island's oil shelf. Sakhalin.
In 2002, in connection with the development of a strategy for the socio-economic development of the municipality, the city of Sovetskaya Gavan with the Sovetsko-Gavansky district entered the Club of Strategic Cities of the Russian Federation.
From 2003 to 2005, a branch of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur shipbuilding plant, the Pallada plant, was opened, and the Orlan oil drilling rig was repaired. The concrete products plant resumed production of building materials, and production of building stone began at the Sovetsky quarry.
Created
Serebryakova Yulia Sergeevna
7a grade
Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 2
2010
Goals:
Admire beautiful photographs of the city
General information about the city.
Sovetskaya Gavan is a city of regional subordination in Russia, the administrative center of the Sovetsko-Gavansky district of the Khabarovsk Territory.
Population - 28,739 inhabitants (2009).
Economy: Currently, Sovetskaya Gavan is a sea fishing and commercial port. The area of forest land in the region is 1.3 million hectares. The total timber reserve is 145.6 million cubic meters. m, of which the operational reserve is 57 million cubic meters. m. Estimated cutting area - 675 thousand cubic meters Fish processing, shipbuilding and ship repair, woodworking. Since 2008, Sovetskaya Gavan has been declared a port-type special economic zone (SEZ), the status is given for 50 years. The concept of the zone involves the creation of an international multidisciplinary port and ship repair center on the territory of the seaport of Sovetskaya Gavan.
May 23, 1853. N.K. Boshniak discovered Hadji Bay on the coast of the Tartary Strait, which turned out to be one of the best natural harbors in the world. On one of the capes of the bay a cross was erected with the inscription: “The harbor of Emperor Nicholas, discovered and meticulously described by Lieutenant Boshnyak on May 23, 1853, on a native boat, with Cossack companions Semyon Parfentyev, Kir Belokhvostov, Aginsky peasant Tvan Moseev.” August 4, 1853. G.I. Nevelskoy founded the “military post of His Imperial Highness General Admiral Grand Duke Konstantin.” This was the first Russian settlement in the Imperial Harbor Bay. N.K. was appointed its chief. Boshniak. In 1922, the bay was renamed Sovetskaya Gavan, and in 1941 the settlement was given the status of the city of Sovetskaya Gavan. For a long time, the port of Sovetskaya Gavan was one of the bases of the Pacific Navy. In the 90s of the 20th century, in connection with the beginning of military conversion, the port became accessible to foreign ships. The strategic importance of the area is due to the fact that the maritime border of Russia passes here.
City coat of arms.
One of the Soviet designs for the coat of arms of Sovetskaya Gavan - two white anchors in the center of a green circle.
The coat of arms of Sovetskaya Gavan was finalized by the Union of Heraldists of Russia and prepared for registration in the State Heraldic Register. The coat of arms was approved on December 22, 2006. Authors: Vladimir Kozlov and Konstantin Mochenov.
Another of the badges with the emblem of Sovetskaya Gavan: “In an azure shield is a silver sailboat, accompanied below by a four-rayed star; in the green chapter of the shield the name of the city is in black. The shield is crowned with a gold imperial crown, under which there is a white-blue-red ribbon; under the shield there is a silver cogwheel; behind the shield are two gold anchors placed crosswise with gold ropes threaded through them, connected by a scarlet ribbon.”
City coat of arms.
The coat of arms of the Sovetsko-Gavansky district was developed by the Union of Heraldists of Russia and approved on April 28, 2007:
“In an azure field, on top of a golden sun (without an image of a face), there is a silver fork-shaped cross, covered in the middle with a scarlet sailboat and accompanied at the end by a silver fish. The shield is topped with a gold status territorial crown corresponding to the municipal district.”
“In a green field, a three-masted ship facing left with spread sails and a weather vane on the mainmast, accompanied at the tip by a star with eight rays, the indirect rays of which are shorter; all figures are silver. The coat of arms of the urban settlement of Sovetskaya Gavan can be reproduced in two equally acceptable versions: - without the free part; - with a free part (a quadrangle adjacent to the upper right corner of the shield) with the coat of arms of the Khabarovsk Territory reproduced in it. Reproduction of the coat of arms with a free part is permissible after the relevant provisions have been introduced into the Law “On the Flag and Coat of Arms of the Khabarovsk Territory”. - The coat of arms of the urban settlement of Sovetskaya Gavan can be reproduced without a crown and with a status territorial crown. The version of the coat of arms with a status territorial crown is used after the State Heraldic Council under the President of the Russian Federation has adopted the appropriate procedure for including images of status territorial crowns in the coats of arms of municipalities.
Significant dates.
4 August 1853 of the year. G.I. Nevelskoy founded the “military post of His Imperial Highness General Admiral Grand Duke Konstantin.” This was the first Russian settlement in the Imperial Harbor Bay. N.K. was appointed its chief. Boshniak.
1856 year. After the sinking of the frigate Pallada, the post was removed.
1907 year. The Australian timber concession Seymour and Co. was founded. The Imperial Harbor became the most important timber trading center.
May 23, 1853 of the year. N.K. Boshniak discovered Hadji Bay on the coast of the Tartary Strait, which turned out to be one of the best natural harbors in the world. On one of the capes of the bay a cross was erected with the inscription: “The harbor of Emperor Nicholas, discovered and meticulously described by Lieutenant Boshnyak on May 23, 1853, on a native boat, with Cossack companions Semyon Parfentyev, Kir Belokhvostov, Aginsky peasant Tvan Mseev.”
Significant dates.
1937 year. The plant staff repaired the first steamship. Construction of a flour mill, a special-purpose Far Eastern power station, and a seaport has begun.
1939 year. The Northern Pacific Flotilla was formed. Construction of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Sovetskaya Gavan railway has begun. In Sovetskaya Gavan there are: the “Red Sewing Worker” artel, communications and trade enterprises, medical institutions, schools, kindergartens and nurseries, clubs, libraries, and an evening university of Marxism-Leninism.
1943 year. The machine-building plant was put into operation. A vocational school was opened on the basis of the ship repair yard.
1945 year. Through temporary service of trains Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Sovgavan - Sortirovochnaya has been opened.
1945 year. The first passenger train arrived in the city.
Significant dates.
1913 year. A telegraph line was stretched along the coast of the Tatar Strait: a postal and telegraph stronghold appeared. In the Imperial Harbor there were three settlements where the Russian population lived: on the shores of Mayachnaya and Japanese bays and a forest concession village.
1922 year. Through the efforts of the First Northern Expeditionary Partisan Detachment under the command of V.S. Kolesnichenko, Soviet power was established in the area.
1926 year. Imperial Harbor leaves the Khutsin volost of the Elga district of the Primorsky province. After the reorganization of the Primorsky province, the Sovetsky district was formed with its center in Sovetskaya Gavan.
1930 year. Four fish processing plants, three fishing collective farms, the Soviet Timber Industry Enterprise, the Soviet-Gavansky Timber Plant, and the national collective farm “Oroch” were created.
1934 year. Start of construction of a ship repair yard.
Significant dates.
1948 year. The first civilian aircraft PO-2 landed at the airfield of the 42nd Aviation Regiment. The city of Sovetskaya Gavan with a coastal zone consisting of two workers' settlements and five village councils was transferred from Primorsky to Khabarovsk Territory.
1949 year. The first stone building was built - school No. 1.
1950 year. Construction trust No. 508 was organized.
1952 year. The sausage factory came into operation.
1955 year. Bus service is open.
1963 year. The Avangard widescreen cinema was built.
1970 year. The Sports Palace began to operate.
1973 year. The first products were produced by the Sovgavansky fish processing plant (later an oceanic fishing base) and a dairy plant.
1981 year. Construction Department No. 106 was formed.
1984 year. The KPD-6 plant began producing products.
1989 year. The design and construction association “Sovgavanspetsstroy” was created.
Significant dates.
1992 year. The first joint Russian-Japanese wood processing enterprise, Vanino-Tairiku, was created.
1993 year. The first vessel was accepted for loading by Terminal OJSC.
1997 year. The first product to receive an international quality certificate was produced by the Vostokryba fish processing enterprise. A program for the socio-economic development of the city and the region until 2005 was adopted.
1998 year. Two multi-storey buildings of a youth housing cooperative have been put into operation.
2001 year. Through road traffic Sovetskaya Gavan - Vanino - Lidoga - Khabarovsk has been opened. Ship repair enterprises in the region have begun fulfilling orders for the modernization of equipment used in the development of the island’s oil shelf. Sakhalin.
2002 year. In connection with the development of a strategy for the socio-economic development of the municipality, the city of Sovetskaya Gavan with the Sovetsko-Gavansky district entered the Club of City Strategists of the Russian Federation.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Alekseev Alexander Ivanovich(1921-1993) - Candidate of Geographical Sciences (1959), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1970). Well-known researcher and promoter of the history of the Far East. Participant of the Great Patriotic War. He was awarded the Order of the Red Star, two Orders of the Patriotic War, medals “For the Defense of Stalingrad”, “For the Defense of Leningrad”, “For Military Merit”, etc. In the 50s he served in the Navy in Sovetskaya Gavan. After demobilization, he moved to Moscow, where he worked for many years at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Author of more than 30 books, 150 scientific articles. Several of his monographs have been published abroad. He often gave presentations at scientific conferences in the cities of the Far East.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Borisova Olga Alexandrovna(01/30/1933) - She worked as a plasterer-painter, and before retiring for 25 years - as a foreman of finishers SMU-1 of construction trust No. 508. She was repeatedly elected as a member of the construction committee of SMU-1 and construction trust No. 508. Elected as a deputy of the Khabarovsk regional and Soviet Havana City Council of People's Deputies. She was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin". Veteran of labor, member of the Soviet-Havana City Council of Veterans of War, Labor, Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Efimushkin Yuri Nikolaevich(08/14/1925) - Since 1955, he worked as director of fisheries at the enterprises of the Khabarovsk Territory, from 1971 to 1984 - head of the Ocean Fisheries Base in the city of Sovetskaya Gavan. For 29 years he was elected as a deputy of city and regional Councils of Workers' Deputies. Veteran of the Great Patriotic War, veteran of labor, holder of orders and medals of the Great Patriotic War, holder of the Order of the Badge of Honor. Chairman of the Soviet-Havana City Council of Veterans of War, Labor, Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies, member of the board under the Head of the city and district. In 2005, he was awarded the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Kopytova Nina Ivanovna(09/29/1920) - Since 1941 she worked as a teacher, from 1952 to 1995 - as a primary school teacher in the city of Sovetskaya Gavan, and was elected as a member of the city Council of Workers' Deputies from 1957 to 1962. Honored school teacher of the RSFSR since 1996, labor veteran, awarded the medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin". Member of the Soviet-Havana City Council of Veterans of War, Labor, Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Monastyrshina Valentina Nikolaevna(1923-2004) - From 1952 to 1983 she worked as a gas welder at the Shipyard. She was elected as a deputy of the city and regional Soviets of People's Deputies, and as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 8th convocation. Veteran of labour. She was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Red Banner of Labor.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Smetanina Alexandra Gerasimovna(09/15/1930) - Since 1948, teacher, in 1963-1979 - director of secondary school No. 46. She was elected as a member of the city Council of Workers' Deputies from 1994 to 2000. She was a delegate to the All-Union Congress of Teachers in 1968. She took an active part in the creation of the city local history museum. Honored school teacher of the RSFSR since 1967, member of the Soviet-Havana City Council of Veterans of War, Labor, Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Tomilin Alexey Ivanovich (05/08/1933) - Since 1953, a teacher, in 1965-1989 - director of secondary school No. 3. He was elected as a member of the regional and city Councils of Deputies. He was a delegate to the All-Russian Congress of Teachers in 1978. Honored school teacher of the RSFSR since 1982. Awarded the medal “For Valiant Labor”, labor veteran. Member of the Sovetsko-Gavan City Council of Veterans of War, Labor, Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Council of Deputies of the city of Sovetskaya Gavan with the Sovetsko-Gavansky District for Culture, Education and Health, fine arts teacher of secondary school No. 3.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Tsendrovsky Boleslav Lvovich(05/14/1926) - Since 1950 he worked at the Shipyard, from 1973 to 1987 - director of the plant. Veteran of the Great Patriotic War, labor veteran, factory veteran. He was awarded the badge “Excellence in the USSR Civil Defense” and the medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin". Member of the Soviet-Havana City Council of Veterans of War, Labor, Armed Forces and Law Enforcement Agencies.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Chekmarev Valentin Dmitrievich(1929-2004) - Since 1949, he worked as a mechanic at the MMF shipyard, in 1954-1985 - a foreman of mechanics. He was a delegate to the XXV Congress of the CPSU in 1976. Veteran of labor, listed in the Book of Labor Glory of the city and plant. Awarded the medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin", the anniversary badge of the Far Eastern Shipping Company, the Certificate of Honor of the Ministry of the Navy in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Far Eastern Shipping Company.
Honorary citizens of the city.
Orlova Maria Tikhonovna(b. 1940) - Native of the village. Grossevichi, Sovetsko-Gavansky district. She began her career as a worker in the Construction Administration of the city of Syzran, Kuibyshev Region. Total work experience 42 years. Since 1974, she worked as a foreman, livestock specialist, and director at the Severnoye SRZ subsidiary farm. The total work experience at the Severnoye subsidiary farm is 27 years. Labor veteran since 1997. He is a member of the Soviet-Havana Council of Veterans of War, Labor, Law Enforcement Agencies and the Armed Forces.
I learned a lot of interesting things about the history of my hometown, its coat of arms; met honorary citizens of the city of Sovetskaya Gavan and much more...
In the “Small Towns” section today is the final station of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. This is Sovetskaya Gavan, Khabarovsk Territory. This city was built by both Gulag prisoners and Japanese prisoners of war. And jars of red caviar are placed right on the sidewalks.
This is the real edge of the earth. The Baikal-Amur Mainline ends here. And everything here is Soviet. Here is the Sovetskaya Hotel. Nearby is the Sovetsky restaurant. After the collapse of the USSR, the authorities wanted to rename the city. But local residents decided to leave the previous name - Sovetskaya Gavan, or in common parlance - Sovgavan.
“Why change? Sovetskaya Gavan is Sovetskaya Gavan. It was built during Soviet times. She must be remembered,” says one local resident.
“Because of the Imperial Harbor it will not be very beautiful, the laconic name is Imperial Harbor. Not very nice. Sovgavan is better,” adds another.
Imperial Harbor is the first name. The village on the shore of the Imperial Bay was built back in the 19th century. After the revolution the bay was renamed.
In Sovetskaya Gavan you cannot go to the shore of the bay. There is no embankment. There are fences all around, behind them there is a cargo port, repair facilities, and warehouses. And almost like everything Soviet - destroyed and abandoned. Ships rarely enter the harbor. Both of the once city-forming enterprises—the ship repair yards—went bankrupt a long time ago.
Summer reaches Sovetskaya Gavan only in September. And until mid-October the sun will shine here. At this time there is brisk trade in the central city square. The market is illegal and spontaneous. And the product—pink salmon and chum salmon caviar—is poached.
Next to the caviar they sell an amazing berry - klopovka. She's a redneck. She is a smoker. Found only here and on Sakhalin. Jams and syrups are made from these juicy, sweet-sour berries with a very specific smell. Nina Yakovlevna collects and sells bugs herself. This year there are few berries, so they are expensive - 250 rubles per glass.
Nina, resident of Sovetskaya Gavan: “He went into our forest - where this berry is, it smells of smoke. That’s why they call it the smoker.”
For Korean steamed pies pian-se, the main thing is size. They were brought here from Sakhalin, and there from Korea. As befits Korean food, they are very spicy. For 29 rubles they are offered by cafes and stalls in Sovetskaya Gavan.
Galina, seller:“The dough is steamed yeast dough, inside there is meat and cabbage. And on top there is a carrot for decoration and flavor.”
To the culture and traditions of neighboring Korea and China, which easily take root on the shores of the Tatar Strait, Sovetskaya Gavan enthusiasts are now trying to add the memory of the Orochi culture. These people have long inhabited the local hills.
And now there are only 8 real orcs left. The rest - almost three hundred who joined them, as the head of the center of ethnic culture Ina Akunka says - have mixed roots: not only Oroch, but also Russian and Ukrainian. But they also want to receive benefits from indigenous peoples.
Ina Akunka, director of the Kia Hala Center for Ethnic Culture: “Now there’s more everyday life - that is, where you can catch fish, how much meat you can get... It’s become a little more scary.”
Ina Fominichna is a fisherman herself. In winter he goes hunting. He can shoot a hare and a sable. But in the city she has a special job: to preserve the culture of her ancestors. Kia Hala translated into Russian means “native land”. The center hosts photo exhibitions and sews national costumes. They also collect a collection of outfits from neighboring peoples.
Promoting Orochi culture and dreaming of attracting tourists to the region, Sovetskaya Gavan developed a program with dances and national treats.
The local history museum of Sovetskaya Gavan has also recently taken up the culture of the Orochi. A real camp is being built here. The director of the museum is Natalya Vlah. She herself is Russian, and the museum was once created by her father.
Natalya worked as a teacher all her life, but last year she decided to continue the family business. Next spring he plans to build several huts and caches and arrange a place for national dances. This will help tourists in Sovgavan to see and understand how the Orochi lived. And in this hut a maternity hospital has already been recreated.
Natalya Vlah, director of the local history museum of the city of Sovetskaya Gavan: “During this period, it was believed that a woman was unworthy to be with everyone. This is a woman's dirty period. She lived alone and gave birth alone. The husband walked around the hut and drove away wild animals. She survived - God forbid, the child survived - God forbid. No means no".
Over the years, Sovetskaya Gavan was built either by Gulag prisoners or Japanese prisoners of war. This cobblestone road to the sea was built by Japanese workers. She is still in excellent condition.
Today in Sovetskaya Gavan they dream of a flow of tourists - not only from Russia, but also from neighboring China. They want to turn the edge of the earth into a reserve of the national Oroch culture and traditions of the Soviet Union.
And they really want large ships to moor here again. Sovetskaya Gavan is one of the best in the world. It is protected from the wind on all sides. And so deep that ocean-going ships can moor close to the shores. Sovetskaya Gavan has only one drawback - getting to it is difficult and takes a long time. From almost everywhere.
In the latest issue of Literaturnaya Gazeta (No. 42 (6389) (2012-10-24) I read an article by Viktor Maryasin about Sovetskaya Gavan in the Khabarovsk Territory. A unique region! I was born in this city. In February 2010, Literaturnaya Gazeta talked about a special the role of the small port city of Sovetskaya Gavan (Khabarovsk Territory) in a key geopolitical direction.The prospects for the Sovetskaya-Gavan coast around a unique natural harbor seemed to become clearer when, in response to the question of whether Russia needs a modernized northern access to the Pacific basin, a government decree was issued on the creation of the country's first port special economic zone (POEZ) near this city.
Residents of the Amur region began to hope that in the near future a strategic gate with a highly developed industry, a powerful transport network and an inexhaustible sales market in Asia, Australia and America would open in the Tatar Strait. And the extraction and export of natural resources along the BAM will awaken new life in currently depressed cities and towns. In addition, the high-speed updated highway is an additional guarantee of economic and military security for a huge region...
But without people, any plans at this strategic crossroads are doomed to failure. Meanwhile, last year there were two hundred fewer births in the Sovetsko-Gavansky district than deaths. Several hundred more scattered across the country and the world in search of a better life. In general, there are many times more people who want to move from here, at least to Khabarovsk, in search of a better life, than there are people who want to stay. The trend is extremely alarming, since all the local residents are just over forty thousand. In the Vanino district, where, unlike the Sovetsko-Gavansky district, powerful investors have already arrived, suitcase sentiment is also making itself felt, as I am convinced of in conversations with local residents. — People like me succeeded in selling Japanese used foreign cars, which, together with the car service, fed every fifth person in Vanino. But with the rise in import duties, everything collapsed,” businessman Sergei is indignant against the backdrop of two cottages he is building in the village. Sergei invested the profits from the auto business into creating a large shopping center, but he is not delighted with Vanino, although I really liked the village. He decisively rejects the idea of getting involved in politics: “I’d rather go somewhere to Indonesia, open my own hotel there and spend the rest of my life under the palm trees.” But the intelligent owner of an ordinary retail outlet, who introduces herself as Elena, is magnetically drawn to Khabarovsk with its cultural centers. True, qualified young specialists are moving from Khabarovsk to Vanino. For a good salary and separate housing. Both are offered to them by 34-year-old entrepreneur Vadim Moskvichev, who has created three industrial manufacturing companies and about a hundred jobs. We talked frankly with him. He has ambitious plans and no desire to “dump” somewhere. A lot is changing in Vanino - an ice palace, a house for forty young families, a number of social facilities are being built, in other villages of the region - new swimming pools, schools, roads, boiler houses, kindergartens... And yet, despite the efforts made, over the past two years people in the region there was a decrease of almost four thousand souls, which is one in ten.
I’m going to the village of Toki, where in 2010 I observed coal being unloaded with a giant cloud of dust. A nurse at the village outpatient clinic, Ekaterina Ovchinnikova, compares the Soviet past and the market present: - The fourth pier, where the terminal operates, was a favorite vacation spot - with a beach, berries, mushrooms and a forest that shaded Toki from the winds. Now there is nowhere to rest, coal dust is blowing from the pier, there is a dirty sea all around, and in winter there is black snow. - But there are more jobs... - Yes, but the same dockers don’t earn much and cannot provide themselves with a decent life. Anatoly Samorodov, head of the Toka administration, is also not yet delighted with Dal-trans-coal: - Company representatives promised help to the village and clean ecology. But the environment has deteriorated, and the village received only a few million from Daltransugol for major renovations of houses and some for routine repairs. I can’t help but compare it with the American Exxon, which donated more than $20 million for infrastructure comparable to Toki De-Kastri as compensation for an oil terminal ten kilometers from the village. We can only hope that Dal-Transugol and the Vanino port, as their management assured, will soon introduce safe technologies with minimal damage to nature. And that our companies will catch up with American companies in generosity. On the other hand, exporters pay duties and taxes and, strictly speaking, do not have to sponsor anyone... As for Siberian coal, the volume of its export through terminals near Vanino will only grow. The head of the Sovetskaya Gavan-Orod station, Viktor Mokrov, sadly says that there are a lot of people who want to receive cargo on the rails, but almost everything is taken by the coal miners. Suppliers of food and consumer goods found themselves on the side of the railway, forced to sue Russian Railways over and over again due to the disruption of supplies of goods to the population... The investments of large companies in it depend on whether Russian Railways redirects some part of the cargo flow to Sovetskaya Gavan. Otherwise, China will pave its own way. Some capital liberals propose to give the entire territory along the BAM as a concession to foreign companies. Of course, the Japanese or Chinese will quickly make candy out of BAM, but for local residents and for all of Russia, such a scenario would mean the actual loss of sovereignty over the Far East. Self-respecting countries develop their infrastructure using their national capital. It’s time for the state to bring state monopolies to life, to return large and small companies with domestic pedigree from offshore companies to Russian jurisdiction, because today almost all large companies in Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan are offshore. In the meantime, under the pressure of taxes and energy tariffs, the owners of the only ship repair company in the PSEZ are ready to sell it to foreigners. Regional officials did not extend the lease of berths to another enterprise of the same profile in order to redirect them to foreigners.
Any famous port abroad is not only berths, but also the aura of local attractions. Sovetskaya Gavan is surrounded by amazing protected nature, a beautiful seaside landscape, and the district administration has developed a tourism program, from fishing to skiing, in order to create conditions for a good rest for local residents and guests. The region is in favor of ensuring that the coastal strip of the bay is not tightly blocked by piers and that a significant part of it is occupied by forest parks and tourist areas. The old-timers of Sovetskaya Gavan have not yet forgotten how flourishing their area reached by the end of the 80s, when ship repair, fishing, construction, and transport enterprises worked in the same rhythm. And the population grew steadily. Pseudo-reforms demolished much of what had been created over decades. It has not yet been possible to completely stop this decay. People are not blind. Seeing the outrages happening, many give up and leave, exposing the Far East. Moreover, official propaganda does not consider the Slavs to be indigenous people here. Indigenous status is granted only to small nationalities, although the Slavs came to the Amur with Khabarov, and according to archaeologist Okladnikov, settled in the Amur region much earlier than the Mongols and Tungus. That is, the Amur lands are as primordial for us as Smolensk and Tver. It’s time to learn this truth and write it into the Constitution.
Victor MARYASIN, KHABAROVSK http://www.lgz.ru/article/20070/
August 16 (4), 1853 G.I. Nevelskoy founded the Konstantinovsky post in one of the best natural harbors in the world. N.K. Boshnyak was appointed its head. This was the first Russian settlement in the Imperial Harbor Bay.
In 1859, by the highest decree, the experienced forest manager of the forest ranger corps, staff captain A.F. Budishchev, and his assistants were sent to the Imperial Harbor. They made a description along the shore of the Tatar Strait and carried out the first “Detailed taxation and assessment of forests by tax” in the area of the Imperial Harbor. The forest guard consisted of ten sailors from the naval crew. Since 1863, the export of timber abroad has been permitted. In 1908-1910 works V.K. Arsenyev on finding the shortest route from Khabarovsk to the Imperial Harbor. The Imperial Harbor forestry is renamed Narodnoye.
In 1922, Soviet power was established on the coast of the Tatar Strait. The Imperial Harbor was renamed Sovetskaya Gavan. According to the first census of the USSR in 1926, in Sovetskaya Gavan at that time there were 169 people (25 private houses), 146 people worked in government agencies, of which: in the port management - 4, the port team - 3, Sovtorgflot - 2, Dalryb - 2, customs - 10. After the reorganization of the Primorsky province in 1938, the Sovetsky district was formed into the Primorsky Territory with its center in the village of Sovetskaya Gavan.
In 1941, the settlement was given the status of the city of Sovetskaya Gavan. In 1945, the Komsomolsk-on-Amur – Sovgavan-Sortirovochnaya train service was opened, and in 1948 the first civilian aircraft PO-2 landed in the city.
On September 15, 1948, the city of Sovetskaya Gavan with a coastal zone consisting of two workers' settlements and five village councils was transferred from Primorsky to Khabarovsk Territory.
Since 01/01/2006, the municipal settlement "Sovetskaya Gavan City" has again been the administrative center of the Sovetsko-Gavansky municipal district of the Khabarovsk Territory - a city of regional significance. The city is the leading industrial and transport center of the Okhotsk region of the Russian Far East.
The distance from the regional center is 600 km. The area of the city within the city limits is 6900 hectares. The population of the city since 80-90. last century is consistently within 30 thousand people. The basis of the city's economy is made up of enterprises in the fishing, forestry, woodworking, and construction industries, as well as a sea trade port, ship repair and transport.
The new edition of the federal target program “Economic and social development of the Far East and Transbaikalia for the period until 2013” is of particular importance for the city of Sovetskaya Gavan. It is planned to build a thermal power plant in the city, which is necessary for the development of the seaports of Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan, supplying the city with heat and hot water, and the construction of a transshipment complex for iron ore concentrates in the port of Sovetskaya Gavan on Cape Maria for seven million tons.
Favorable natural geographical conditions provide a unique opportunity to create a free port (economic) zone here.
Located on the coast of the bay of the same name, 581 kilometers east of the regional center. The area of the settlement is 69 square kilometers.
General data and historical facts
The first settlement on the site of the modern city was founded in August 1853.
In 1912, the village of Znamenskoye was formed from three settlements. In October 1914, a postal and telegraph point was opened in the village, and after a while a telegraph line was installed.
In April 1920, the Far Eastern Republic was created in the Far East.
In January 1922, Imperial Harbor received the name Sovetskaya. A year later, the Znamensky Village Council was formed.
In 1925, the Sovetsky district of the Primorsky province was formed with its capital in Znamensky.
In 1930, the village received the status of a workers' settlement and the name Sovetskaya Gavan.
In 1937, the Northern Shipyard was put into operation in the city.
In January 1941, the workers' settlement was transformed into a city of the same name.
In 1945, a railway line was opened from Sovetskaya Gavan to Komsomolsk-on-Amur. In August of this year, troops from Sovetskaya Gavan landed in the port of Maoka (present-day Kholmsk).
In September 1948, by decree of the country's authorities, the city was included in the Khabarovsk Territory.
In the 1950s, the departments of the Construction 508 and Ulminlag divisions were located in Sovetskaya Gavan.
In the next 10 years, the following villages left the city: Maysky, Oktyabrsky, Zavety Ilyich, Lososina.
In the 1990s, the Vanino-Tairiku enterprise and the fish processing enterprise Vostokryba LLC were opened in the settlement.
In the 2000s, a branch of the Pallada shipbuilding plant, a reinforced concrete plant, and the Sovetsky quarry began operating in the city.
In November 2007, a private fish hatchery was put into operation.
In 2017, the construction of the Lidoga - Vanino highway was completed.
The telephone code of Sovetskaya Gavan is 42138. The postal code is 682800.
The city operates on Vladivostok time. The difference with Moscow time is +7 hours msk+7.
Time
Climate and weather
Sovetskaya Gavan has a temperate, monsoon climate. Winters are frosty and long. The average temperature in January is -15.5 degrees.
Summer is cool and short. The average temperature in August is +17 degrees.
Population data was obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.
The total number of residents for 2018 is 24.2 thousand people.
The data from the graph shows a steady decline in population from 29,400 people in 2007 to 24,249 people in 2018.
As of January 2018, in terms of the number of residents, Sovetskaya Gavan ranked 587 out of 1,113 cities in the Russian Federation.
Attractions
1.Cinema "Avangard"- the cinema building was built according to a standard design in the 1960s.
2.House of Culture- a cultural institution was opened in the city center. The building of the cultural center is made in the style of Soviet neoclassicism.
3.Airport "Mai-Gatka"- the regional transport facility is located 15 kilometers from Sovetskaya Gavan. Nowadays, flights to Khabarovsk operate from the airport.
Transport
In Sovetskaya Gavan there is a railway station of the same name, connecting the city with Oktyabrsky, Amursky, Komsomolsky-on-Amur.
