Presentation on the topic "Madagascar". Madagascar General characteristics The Republic of Madagascar is an island state located in southeast Africa. From Africa Madagascar. The work can be used for lessons and reports on pre-

Tyunyakin Vladislav gr. Yu-12

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Madagascar Completed by: Tyunyakin Vladislav Group Yu-12 Siberian Polytechnic College

Anthem: Oh, dear Motherland, Beautiful Madagascar, Love for you is unchanging. And it will never dry up. Give you, God, the Island of our ancestors, Joy and prosperity, And this is happiness for us, Oh, dear Motherland, With all our hearts, soul and body, With everything that is dear to us, We dream of serving you. Oh, dear Motherland, We hope that the one who created the universe will bless you and be the master of your destiny. Coat of arms of Madagascar

Geography Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world, located in the Indian Ocean, off the eastern coast of Africa, separated from it by the Mozambique Strait. The climate is tropical. The extreme south of the island is often classified as subtropical. The length of the island is about 1600 km, width - over 600 km, area - 587,040 km². The island is home to the state of Madagascar (the capital is Antananarivo).

Climate The climate of the state is divided into three climatic zones: in the south of the country there is a mainly dry desert climate, in the central part it is tropical, and in the north there is an equatorial monsoon climate. Average temperature in the summer months: from November to March 25-30 degrees above zero, in the winter months: from April to October 15-20 degrees above zero

Politics The parliament is bicameral - the National Assembly of 127 deputies is elected by the population for a 4-year term, the Senate (100 seats) is filled two-thirds by representatives of provincial assemblies, one-third is appointed by the president. Mark Ravalomanana

Language The entire population of Madagascar speaks Malagasy, which belongs to the same group as Indonesian and Malay. The second language used is mostly French, as well as English.

Religion Catholicism, Christianity and Islam About 45% of the population professes Christianity, belonging to the Roman Catholic Church and Protestantism. Most believers try to combine the cult of ancestors with Christian traditions. The rest of the population (about 7%) practices Islam. Since the 90s of the 20th century, Orthodoxy began to spread on the island.

Culture The art of the most ancient tribes of Madagascar is hidden from prying eyes, since it existed only in the imagination of each person and was not taken beyond its borders. This feature is associated with the special secrecy of this ethnic group and sensitivity to evaluation by others. The cultural origins of the island's inhabitants stem from Austronesian and Bantu culture. In music, this influence was reflected in the choice of instruments and singing style. A living example of the successful coexistence of two different cultures is the Malagasy preference for two essentially opposite instruments - the African drum and the walih, an Indonesian plucked string instrument.

Theater also plays a significant role in the culture of the people. Here he acts not just as a means of demonstrating something, but for the purpose of edification and encouragement to goodness. Oratory is especially revered. A unique combination of theater and singing – hiragashi – is emerging everywhere, playing not only a spiritual and entertainment role, but also a political and educational role. During the performance of hiragashi, artists compete with each other in music, dancing and oratory talent. It was first used in the 18th century by the first king of Madagascar to attract attention to his political speeches, when he was still a prince. Later, the artists themselves began to include political satire in their performances, and the audience was actively involved in the performance process through applause or hooting. And now aspiring politicians are resorting to the help of such hiragashi troupes. Later, the Malagasy people were influenced by Eastern and European civilizations (especially French culture). This was manifested in architecture (the construction of elongated rectangular houses with a pointed roof), in the cuisine (French pastries are widespread on the island) and in the language (French is the second official language here).

Cuisine The cuisine of Madagascar mainly consists of rice dishes (wari) with side dishes (lauca). In the south, rice is sometimes replaced with crushed dried corn. Malagasy cuisine was significantly influenced by the culinary traditions of France, China and India, and to a lesser extent East African and Arabic ones.

Unlike African cuisine, Malagasy cuisine is not characterized by very spicy dishes, but recently semi-finished hot sauces have appeared, made on the coast from traditional fruits (mango, lemon, etc.), which are gaining popularity in the country. The popular lasari salad, karauti, consisting of beans, cabbage and carrots, is served with some of these sauces.

Thank you for your attention

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The capital of Madagascar is Antananarivo

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Climate

The island's climate is shaped by the southeast trade wind and the South Indian Anticyclone.

Tropical, with hot and rainy summers (November-April) and cooler and drier winters (May-October)

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Flora

The flora on the island of Madagascar attracts with a fairly high concentration of endemics

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Fauna

Madagascar, located in East Africa, is home to various rare animals.

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Waterfall - "Lily"

There is a legend associated with this waterfall. 40 years ago, a foreigner lived in a village; he had his own field. And there was a daughter named Lily. One day the girl went to the river to swim and did not return. Although the entire village was searched for Lily, she was never found. Most likely, fast currents carried her away. Then the villagers decided to name the waterfall “Lily” in memory of the girl. And the river that leads to the waterfall is also now called Lily.

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Lake Alautra

The Maninguri River originates from Lake Alautra.

Located in the northeast of the island of Madagascar in the province of Toamasina.

The largest lake in Madagascar

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River-Betsibuka

The Betsibuka River flows near the town of Maevatanana. Water dust from the overthrow of its waters from narrow ramparts rises much higher than the tallest trees. And the waters have an unusual reddish color.

Many believe that the red-brown color of the waters of this river is a sign of an environmental disaster.

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Population

Number - 20,042,552 people.

Madagascar's main national wealth is children. Their absence is a great misfortune for the family, since no one will perform the necessary rituals over the remains of a childless person.

All residents of Madagascar speak related dialects of the Malagasy language, which is close in vocabulary and grammar to the languages of the population of Western Indonesia.

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Cuisine of Madagascar

The cuisine of Madagascar mainly consists of rice dishes (wari) with side dishes (lauca). In the south, rice is sometimes replaced with crushed dried corn. Malagasy cuisine was significantly influenced by the culinary traditions of France, China and India, and to a lesser extent East African and Arabic ones.

The island of Madagascar is washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean and is located near the eastern coast of South Africa, separated from it by the Mozambique Channel. The highest point is the extinct volcano Marumukutru (2,876 m), which is located in the Tsaratanana mountain range, in the northern part of the island. The capital of the state is Antananarivo. The total area of the state is 587,040 km². Length about 1600 km, width over 600 km.

The island's climate is shaped by the southeast trade wind and the South Indian Anticyclone. The island has three climate zones: a tropical monsoon climate on the east coast, a temperate maritime climate in the central highlands, and an arid desert climate on the southern tip of the island. The west coast is noticeably drier than the east as the trade winds lose moisture to the east coast and central highlands. Typical annual precipitation rates: 350 cm for the southern coast, 140 cm for the central highlands (in this case, for the capital of the country - Antananarivo), 32 cm in the south of the island, on the border with the desert.

Lemurs are a family of endemic primates, numbering about 75 species, including 17 extinct ones. With the arrival of humans, all large lemurs were exterminated; the largest at the moment is the indri, weighing approximately 10 kg. The extinct giant sloth lemur (Latin Archaeoindris) reached the size of a gorilla and weighed more than 200 kg. Almost all species of lemurs are on the verge of extinction and are listed in the Red Book.

Madagascar carnivores are an endemic family of mammalian carnivores, closely related to mongooses and numbering 8 species. The family is divided into two subfamilies: mungos (lat. Galidiinae) and Malagasy civets (lat. Euplerinae). Previously, there was an extinct species of giant fossa on the island (lat. Cryptoprocta spelea), which hunted giant lemurs, but due to the extermination of lemurs by humans, the giant fossa also became extinct, having lost its food supply.

Tenrecs are a non-endemic family of mammals, but only three species are found outside Madagascar, while Madagascar is home to about 30 endemic species. The family is widespread and has occupied various ecological niches on the island. For example, the marsh tenrec (lat. Limnogale mergulus) has occupied the niche of the beaver and looks like a muskrat, and the small tenrec (lat. Echinops telfairi) looks extremely similar to a hedgehog.

Rodents - represented by the endemic subfamily Nesomyidae of the Nesomyinae family. Just like tenrecs, they occupied many ecological niches, externally evolving into the likeness of such rodents as: vole, gerbil, mouse, rat and even rabbit. The subfamily includes 10 genera and 14 species. Presumably, the migration of the ancestors of Nesomyidae occurred 20-25 million years ago.

Chiroptera - about 30 species of bats are found on the island, half of which are endemic. 7 species are listed in the International Red Book, and one species from the genus of house smoothnose is on the verge of extinction - Scotophilus borbonicus (there is no Russian name).

No. Name Capital Population Area km² 1 Diana Antsiranana 485,800 19,266 2 Sava Sambava 805,300 25,518 3 Itasi Miarinarivo 643,000 6,993 4 Analamanga Antananarivo 2,811,500 16,911 5 Vakinankaratra Antsirabe 1 ,589,800 16,599 6 Bungulawa Tsiruanumandidi 326,600 16,688 7 Sufiya Antsuhihi 940,800 50,100 8 Bueni Mahajanga 543,200 31,046 9 Betsibuka Maevatanana 236,500 30,025 10 Melaki Maintiranu 175,500 38,852 11 Alautra-Manguru Ambatundrazaka 877,700 31,948 12 Atsinanana Tuamasina 1,117,100 21,934 13 Analanjirufu Fenuarivo 860,800 21,930 14 Amur un'i Mania Ambusitra 693,200 16,141 15 Upper Matsiatra Fianarantsoa 1,128,900 21,080 16 Vatuvavi-Fituvinani Manakara 1,097,700 19,605 17 Atsimu-Atsinanana Farafangana 621,200 18,863 18 Ihurumbe Ihusi 189.20 26,391 19 Menabe Murondawa 390,800 46,121 20 Atsimu-Andrefana Toliara 1,018,500 66,236 21 Andrui Ambuwumbe-Andrui 476, 600 19,317 22 Anusi Taulantaru 544,200 25,731

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MADAGASCAR

Completed by students of grade 11 “B” Balueva Anastasia and Baraulya Daria

Introduction

This place allows you to combine a relaxing beach holiday with the opportunity to see stunning landscapes, unique plants and animals with your own eyes.

The uniqueness of Madagascar’s natural resources is not at all exaggerated: you will not find a significant part of the local flora and fauna anywhere else in the world.

Coat of arms, Flag, Anthem.

The anthem of Madagascar was written in 1958 and exists in 2 languages: Malagasy and French
Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô Ry Madagasikara soa…

Geography of location

Madagascar- an island off the southeast coast of Africa. Its entire territory, 587 thousand square kilometers, is occupied by the state of the same name with the capital Antananarivo.

Form of government. Head of State.

Form of government: parliamentary republic
President: Eri Radzaunarimampianina

Natural resources

The main minerals and natural resources of Madagascar: graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sand, gems, mica, fish.

Population (as of 2010)

21281844 people
Fertility: 38 births per 1000 inhabitants
Urbanization: urban population: 29% of total population (2008)
urbanization growth: +3.8% per year
Sex ratio 1:1
State languages: English, French, Malagasy

Branches of the economy

Main agricultural products of Madagascar: coffee, vanillin, cane sugar, cloves, cocoa, raw rice, cassava, legumes, bananas, peanuts.

Industries

The main types of industry (industry) of Madagascar: meat, soap production, brewing, leather, sugar, textile, glass, cement, car assembly, pulp, oil production, tourism.

TOURISM

Tourism in Madagascar is one of the main sources of economic growth for the country.

Ecotourism

The island of Madagascar is widely known in the world as a place of a huge concentration of endemic species (about 80% of the total species composition) of flora and fauna. The exceptionally rich and diverse flora and fauna of the island attract not only numerous scientists, but also tourists from all over the world.

Among the endemics of Madagascar are: lemurs, mungos, civets, nezomiids, fossas, radiated and spider turtles, rakshi, grouse, various lizards, spiders, bats and many other amazing creatures.

Resorts are located throughout greater Madagascar, but in general it is considered better to holiday on the west coast, where there are far fewer sharks than on the east. All the beaches of the country can boast of magnificent landscapes, large light sand, and a beautiful clear ocean.

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State symbols Madagascar is a state in the western Indian Ocean, on the island of Madagascar and adjacent small islands. Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world, its flora and fauna contain five percent of the world's animal and plant species, 80% of which exist only in Madagascar. The most famous of them are lemurs. Madagascar and Mauritania are the only countries in the world that do not use decimal currency. Prezentacii.com

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Geographical location Madagascar is a state on the island of the same name off the east coast of Africa. Area - 587 thousand km², population - 18.4 million people. (2005, UN assessment). Capital - Antananarivo

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Antananarivo, “the city of ten thousand warriors,” lies in the sacred hills of the Imerina, the Central Highlands. Between the hills lies a picturesque Lake. The entire population (about 1.5 million inhabitants) lives in one to three-story houses, reminiscent of the buildings of a medieval European city - this is a legacy of French colonization. Antananarivo is a red city. The walls and roofs of the buildings are made of either brick or red clay. The city's paved streets are paved with large cobblestones, and the narrow streets meander subtly.

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The first visit to Madagascar by a European occurred in 1500, when the ship of the Portuguese traveler Diogo Diaz, heading to India, deviated from its course and landed on the island. In light of the important geographical position of Madagascar for spice traders who skirted all over Africa, France and Britain tried to establish their outposts on the island. However, the inhospitable climate and even less hospitable natives made this task almost impossible.

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The Malagasy currency is the Ariary. Main article: Economy of Madagascar Benefits: Diversified agriculture: vanilla, coffee, spicy cloves. Oil and gas. Shrimps. Reading working population. Chromium. Factories. Weaknesses: Chaos in 2002 rocked the economy. Competition with cheaper vanilla exporters. Threat of droughts and tornadoes. He cannot fully provide himself with the main food product – rice.

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The Malagasy are an ethnic group that forms the main population of Madagascar. They speak Malagasy (Malgash), a language belonging to the Indonesian group of the Austronesian language family. The total population is about 20 million people. The self-name goes back to the adjective from the word “Madagascar”, thus Malagasy is “Madagascar” in the Malagasy language, which in turn also means “Madagascar”.

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About 45% of the population professes Christianity, Catholicism or Protestantism. Most believers try to combine the cult of ancestors with Christian traditions. For example, not all Christians renounce the practice of famidahan, this is especially true for Catholics. Pastors from the Catholic Church may even come to the ceremony and bless the participants. The Protestant Church has a very negative attitude towards the practice of the cult of ancestors and calls on its flock to abandon “worship of the Devil.” The Christian Church in Madagascar is a fairly influential political institution.