Let's take a little break from the Italian national team's game at Euro 2008 and take a look at the days of the week, and also learn how to ask “What time is it?” in Italian. We will definitely return to football in the next post, especially since the Italian team, having defeated the French, reached the quarterfinals.
I still don’t risk recording podcasts in Italian on my own, so two Italian lessons that are freely available on the website http://www.learningitalianlikecrazy.com will be used as audio tracks. For those who are well versed in English, to study the topic, let’s call it “Time”; apart from these two lessons, nothing else is required. But, IMHO, everything is remembered faster in your native language).
Pronti? Cominciamo- Ready? Begin
Days of the week in Italian -I Giorni della Settimana
In order to enter the first grade of a good school at one time, you had to name the five days of the week without listing their names, i.e. without saying Monday, Tuesday and so on... It's time to solve this problem in Italian.
Do not forget that the language is quite simple and, along with complete questions and answers, you can always use simplified versions:
Video for this lesson:
How to ask "what time is it" in Italian? - Che ora è?
To begin with, we need Italian numerals, for starters we will limit ourselves to numbers from 1 to 10:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Uno | Due | Tre | Quattro | Cinque | Sei | Sette | Otto | Nove | Dieci |
The main thing here is not to forget about the rules of pronunciation, for example, cinque And dieci [diechi]. Therefore, I highly recommend watching the video below.
How much time? - Che ora è?
Hour - È l"una
. (È
- form of the verb to be in the third person singular)
Two hours - Sono le due.(the plural form is used with other numerals, which is quite logical)
Three hours - Sono le tre.
and so on.
If we just don’t like the time, we can add the time of day:
Three o'clock in the morning - Sono le tre di notte(Night - from 1 to 4 o'clock)
Three PM - Sono le tre del pomeriggio
(Day - from 13 to 17 hours)
Eleven o'clock in the evening - Sono le undici di sera
(Evening - from 18 to 23 hours)
Eleven o'clock in the morning - Sono le undici di mattina
(Morning refers to the period from 5 to 11 o’clock)
In the next post we will finish our acquaintance with expressions of time in Italian.
Ciao, alla prossima.
This site is dedicated to self-learning Italian from scratch. We will try to make it the most interesting and useful for everyone who is interested in this beautiful language and, of course, Italy itself.Interesting about the Italian language.
History, facts, modernity.
Let's start with a few words about the modern status of the language; it is obvious that Italian is the official language in Italy, the Vatican (simultaneously with Latin), in San Marino, but also in Switzerland (in its Italian part, the canton of Ticino) and in Several districts in Croatia and Slovenia, where a large Italian-speaking population lives, Italian is also spoken by some of the residents on the island of Malta.
Italian dialects - will we understand each other?
In Italy itself, even today you can hear many dialects, sometimes it is enough to travel only a few tens of kilometers to encounter another of them.Moreover, dialects are often so different from each other that they can seem like completely different languages. If people from, for example, the northern and central Italian “outback” meet, they may not even be able to understand each other.
What is especially interesting is that some dialects, in addition to the oral form, also have a written form, such as the Neopolitan, Venetian, Milanese and Sicilian dialects.
The latter exists, accordingly, on the island of Sicily and is so different from other dialects that some researchers distinguish it as a separate Sardinian language.
However, in everyday communication and, especially, in large cities, you are unlikely to experience any inconvenience, because... Today, dialects are spoken mainly by older people in rural areas, while young people use the correct literary language, which unites all Italians, the language of radio and, of course, television.
It may be mentioned here that until the end of the Second World War, modern Italian was only a written language, used by the ruling class, scientists and in administrative institutions, and it was television that played a big role in the spread of the common Italian language among all inhabitants.
How it all began, origins
The history of the formation of modern Italian, as we all know it, is closely connected with the history of Italy and, of course, no less fascinating.Origins - in Ancient Rome, everything was in the Roman language, commonly known as Latin, which at that time was the official state language of the Roman Empire. Later, from Latin, in fact, the Italian language and many other European languages arose.
Therefore, knowing Latin, you can understand what a Spaniard is saying, plus or minus a Portuguese, and you can even understand part of the speech of an Englishman or a Frenchman.
In 476, the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, abdicated the throne after the capture of Rome by the German leader Odocar, this date is considered the end of the Great Roman Empire.
Some also call it the end of the “Roman language”, however, even today disputes still rage as to why exactly the Latin language lost its relevance, because of the capture of the Roman Empire by barbarians or was it a natural process and in what language? spoken towards the end of the Roman Empire.
According to one version, in ancient Rome by this time, along with Latin, the spoken language was already widespread, and it is from this popular language of Rome that the Italian that we know as Italian of the 16th century comes from, according to the second version, in connection with the invasion of the barbarians Latin mixed with various barbarian languages and dialects, and it is from this synthesis that the Italian language originates.
Birthday - first mention
The year 960 is considered the birthday of the Italian language. This date is associated with the first document where this “proto-vernacular language” is present - vulgare, these are court papers related to the land litigation of the Benedictine Abbey, witnesses used this particular version of the language so that the testimony would be understandable to as many people as possible, until this moment in all official papers we can only see Latin.And then there was a gradual spread in the ubiquitous life of the language vulgare, which translates as the people's language, which became the prototype of the modern Italian language.
However, the story does not end there, but only becomes more interesting and the next stage is associated with the Renaissance and with such well-known names as Dante Alighiere, F. Petrarch, G. Boccaccio and others.
to be continued...
On line translator
I suggest that all guests of my blog use a convenient and free Italian online translator.If you need to translate a couple of words or a short phrase from Russian to Italian or vice versa, you can use the little translator on the sidebar of the blog.
If you want to translate large text or need other languages, use the full version of the online dictionary, where there are more than 40 languages on a separate blog page - /p/onlain-perevodchik.html
Italian language tutorial
I present a new separate section for all students of the Italian language - Italian language self-instruction manual for beginners.Making a blog into a full-fledged Italian tutorial is, of course, not easy, but I try to give the most convenient and logical sequence of interesting online lessons so that you can learn Italian on your own.
There will also be a section - an audio tutorial, where, as you might guess, there will be lessons with audio applications that can be downloaded or listened to directly on the site.
How to choose an Italian language tutorial, where to download it, or how to study it online, you will find information about this in my posts.
By the way, if anyone has ideas or suggestions on how best to organize such a tutorial on our Italian blog, be sure to write to me.
Italian on Skype
Secrets of how you can learn Italian on Skype for free, whether you always need a native speaker, how to choose a teacher, how much it costs to learn Italian via Skype, how not to waste your time and money - read about all this in the section “Italian language on Skype.”Come in, read and make the right choice!
Italian phrasebook
Free, Fun, with a native speaker - a section for those who want to learn words and phrases on certain topics.Join, listen, read, learn - voiced Italian phrasebook for tourists, shopping, airport, everyday situations and much more
In chapter "
Proficiency in any modern language is impossible without knowledge of basic words and phrases. These include days of the week, the names of which are widely used and necessarily have equivalents in all languages of the world. When planning a trip to one of the most romantic countries in the world - Italy - knowing what the days of the week are called in Italian will be a prerequisite.
The names of the days of the week in the language of the inhabitants of Italy: origin
The origin of the names of the days of the week in Italian is unusual and interesting. As in all Romance languages, the days of the week in the official language of Italy were originally derived from the names of planets and objects in the solar system of planets.
Monday got its name from the word Luna. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday bear names that simultaneously belong to both planets and deities in Roman mythology:
- Marte - god of war;
- Mercurio - god of trade and profit;
- Giove is the supreme deity to whom supreme power belongs;
- Venere is the goddess of love, beauty, prosperity and fertility.
Thus, the first day of the week owes its name to the Earth’s satellite, and the four weekdays following it are named after four of the five planets of the Solar System that can be seen with the naked eye: Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus.
The original Latin names for Saturday and Sunday also came from the names of objects in the Solar System - the Sun itself and the planet Saturn. Saturday was called Saturno (Saturn) and Sunday was called Sole (Sun). The names of the holidays were later replaced by religious alternative names. Saturno changed to Sabato, a name that comes from the Hebrew word shabbath, a day of rest. Sole was replaced by Domenica or Lord's Day.
Days of the week in Italian: spelling and pronunciation
The pronunciation of Italian words in most cases coincides with their spelling. But still, the lessons of Italian, like most foreign languages, become much clearer if there is a transcription of the words and phrases being studied.
“Quanti anni hai?”
“Le donne sono come il vino: più invecchiano più migliorano!” - “Women are like fine wine: they only get better with age.” Is not it?
As a rule, we do not ask about a woman’s age. But we can ask men about age as much as we want.
We are accustomed to perceiving a question about a woman’s age as “una domanda scortese” - “an impolite question.”
But be that as it may, today we will learn how to ask about the age of the interlocutor and tell him about ours.
We will also learn to ask what day it is today.
Accordingly, for this we will need “numbers” and “days of the week”, and you will finally be able to tell us on what days you do “italiano”.
Cominciamo?
Shall we begin?
Days of the week
"I giorni della settimana"
"Lunedì" - Monday
"Martedì" - Tuesday
"Mercoledì" - Wednesday
"Giovedì" - Thursday
"Venerdi" - Friday
"S a bato" - Saturday
"Dom e nica" - Sunday
- Please note that the stress on all days of the week, except Saturday and Sunday, is graphic, on the last syllable. In the word “Saturday” - “sabato” - the stress falls on the first vowel “a”, in the word “Sunday” “domenica” - the stress falls on the second vowel “e”.
- All days of the week except "Sunday" - "domenica" - masculine. Only “domenica” is feminine. Accordingly, with all days of the week, except Sunday, we will use the definite article “il”, and with Sunday - “la”.
- Days of the week are used without a preposition. We say: “I’m going to a disco on Friday,” but Italians simply say: “Venerdì vado in discoteca.”
- Very important point, which you should definitely remember. Days of the week are used without article, if action one-time. And if you put before the day of the week definite article - it means that action is repeated, repeated, constant.
For example:
Lunedì vado in palestra. – I’m going to the gym on Monday; (implies Monday, which will be)
Il Lunedì, il Mercoledì, e il Venerdì vado in palestra – on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays I go to the gym. (that is, by using the days of the week with the definite article, we emphasize in such a way that the action is repeated, it is repeated, it occurs every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.)
Ogni lunedì – every Monday.
We can also, instead of the definite article, in order to show that the action is multiple, use the adjective “ ogni" - "every"
igiorni festival– weekends (holidays).
i giorni feriali- weekdays.
Today - oggi
Now - adesso, ora
Tomorrow - domani
day after tomorrow - dopodomani
yesterday - ieri
day before yesterday - l'altroieri
every day - ogni giorno
early - presto
late - tardi
often - spesso
Always - sempre
never - mai
il giorno- day
la settimana- a week
il mese- month
l'anno- year
il fine settimana- weekend
To ask what day it is today, we say:
Che giorno è oggi? - What day is today?
Oggi and Lunedì. - Today is Monday.
When we want to wish someone a good Monday or a good weekend, we say:
Buon Lunedì! -Happy Monday!
Buon fine settimana! - Good weekend!
Buon Martedì! -Happy Tuesday!
In Italian, “weekend” is singular, literally “il fine settimana” - “end of the week.”
Examples:
Ogni giorno sono in fretta. — Every day I’m in a hurry.
Lights up ho la lezione d'italiano. — Every Monday I have Italian.
È tardi,ma ho fame. — It’s late now, but I want to eat.
È ancora presto, ma ho sonno. “It’s still early, but I want to sleep.”
Che giorno è oggi?– oggi è Venerdì ed io sono libera. - What day is today? – Today is Friday, I’m free.
Non mangio mai la carne. – I never eat meat.
Learning to use new words and expressions in speech
A little practice:
Our friendAlessiocame to Rome and here are his plans:
- Lunedì Alessio assaggia la vera pizza romana.
- Martedì Alessio incontra Lorenzo.
- Mercoledì Alessio visita il Colosseo.
- Giovedì Alessio è libero.
- Venerdì Alessio mangia a casa di Lorenzo.
- Sabato Alessio vede il Pantheon.
- Domenica Alessio parte per la Spagna.
On Monday, Alessio tries authentic Roman pizza.
On Tuesday he meets Lorenzo.
On Wednesday, Alessio visits the Colosseum.
Alessio is free on Thursday.
On Friday, Alessio eats at Lorenzo's house.
On Saturday Alessio will see the Pantheon.
Alessio leaves for Spain on Sunday.
And here is a page from Alessandra’s diary: her “Roman notes”:
Roma, 28 Giugno
Rome, June 28
Caro diario,
sono solo le nove e mezzo di mattina ma ho gà caldo!
Oggi and lunedì etra sei giorni torno a Chicago.
Uffa! In Italy il lunedì i musei sono chiusi e io ho ancora tante cose da vedere!
Ecco il programma per la settimana:
Oggi alle 10.30 Antonella e io facciamo un giro in centro.
Dopodomani andiamo in Via Condotti a fare shopping.
Venerdìè il compleanno di Lorenzo. Alle 20.30 appuntamento in pizzeria.
Sabatoè l'ultimo giorno a Roma.
Una settimana non basta davvero! Così, sabato vado alla Fontana di Trevi e butto tre monete nella fontana-sicuramente torno a Roma un'altra volta!
Dear Diary,
It's only half past ten in the morning, but I'm already hot.
Today is Monday and in 6 days I am returning to Chicago.
Ugh! In Italy, museums are closed on Mondays, and I still have a lot to see!
Here is the program for the week:
Today at 10:30 Antonella and I will walk to the center.
The day after tomorrow we go to Condotti street to do some shopping.
Friday is Lorenzo's birthday. At 20:30 - meeting at the pizzeria.
Saturday is the last day in Rome.
One week, however, is not enough! So on Saturday I will go to the Fountain di Trevi and throw three coins into the fountain - definitely I will return to Rome another time!
The story of one obsessive guy “un tipo noioso”, or one intractable girl “una ragazza difficile”!
- Ciao, Simonetta! Quanto tempo!
- Hello, Simonetta! How many years!
- Eh sì, Mario! Ciao!
- Oh yes, Mario! Hello!
- Come stay?
- How are you?
- Tutto bene! E tu?
- Everything is fine! And you?
- Senti, Simonetta, dobbiamo parlare. Perché non prendiamo un caffè? Lunedì mattina, per sempio?
- Listen, Simonetta, we need to talk. Why don't we have a cup of coffee? On Monday morning, for example?
- Impossible, Mario! Lunedì ho da fare.
- Impossible, Mario! I have work to do on Monday.
— Allora, Martedì?
- Then, on Tuesday?
- No! Martedì è il compleanno di una mia amica. Sono occupata.
- No! Tuesday is the birthday of one of my friends. I'm busy.
— Ma almeno Mercoledì sei libera?
- But are you free on Wednesday?
- Mercoledì no, il mercoledì ho la lezione di cinese.
— No on Wednesday, I have a Chinese lesson on Wednesdays.
- Ma va, parli il cinese?
- Yah! Do you speak Chinese?
- Sì, un po’, perché?
- Yes, a little, but what?
— Giovedì?
- On Thursday?
- Va bene....Ah, no! Senti, il giovedì facciamo shopping con Antonella!
- Okay... but no! Listen, Antonella and I go shopping on Thursdays!
- Che sfortuna!
- What a failure!
— Anche venerdì sei occupata?
- And you’re busy on Friday ?
- Sì, il venerdì sono in palestra!
- Yes, on Fridays I go to the gym!
-ma va! Tutto il giorno?! E sabato, prendiamo un caffè sabato?
- Yah! All day? Shall we have a cup of coffee on Saturday?
- Ma no, Mario! Sabato proprio no! Ho un appuntamento.
- No, Mario! Definitely not on Saturday! I have a meeting.
- Già! capito!
- Clear! It's clear!
— Domenica? O domenica o mai!
- On Sunday? Either on Sunday or never!
- Domenica assolutamente no! Domenica ho solo voglia di riposare, non ho voglia di parlare di cose serie.
- Definitely not on Sunday! On Sunday I only want to relax, I have no desire to talk about serious things.
Numbers from "0" to "100"
I NUMERI DA "0" A "100"
0 — zero
1 — uno
2 — due
3 — tre
4 — quattro
5 — cinque
6 — sei
7 — sette
8 — otto
9 — nove
10 — dieci
11 — undici
12 — dodici
13 — tredici
14 — quattordici
15 — quindici
16 — sedici
17 — diciassette
18 — diciotto
19 — diciannove
20 — venti
Important two points that you must remember:
- when we add “1” or “8” to all tens, starting with “20,” then we remove the final vowel from this ten. For example: “28” – venti + otto = “ventotto”. We removed the vowel “i” from the word “venti”. “31” – trenta + uno = “trentuno”. In all other cases, we simply add the necessary numbers to the tens.
- Please note how we write “23” - “ventitré”. This word has a graphic stress on the last syllable. It is written exactly in this direction - from the lower left corner up. In all numbers, starting from 20, which contain the number “3”: 23, 33, 43, 53, etc., such a graphic stress must be written and, accordingly, the emphasis falls on the last syllable: “trentatré”, “quarantatré”, “cinquantatré”, “sessantatré” ecc.
Listen:
21 – venti + uno = ventuno
22 – venti + due = ventidue
23 – venti + tre = ventitré
24 – venti + quattro = ventiquattro
25 – venti + cinque = venticinque
26 – venti + sei = ventisei
27 – venti + sette = ventisette
28 – venti + otto = ventotto
29 – venti + nove = ventinove
30 – trenta
40 — quaranta
50 — cinquanta
60 — sessionanta
70 — settanta
80 — ottanta
90 – novanta
100 — cento
- All numbers in Italian are written together in verbal form.
- Cardinal numbers, as a rule, come before a noun and are used mainly without an article.
- The numeral “uno” - “1” will behave like an indefinite article, that is, change its form depending on the gender of the noun. All other numerals from 1 to 100 do not change their form. "Un albero" - one tree, "una ragazza" - one girl, "uno sbaglio" - one mistake, "una pizza" - one pizza.
P.S.
Che giorno è oggi? Venerdì 13?
What day is today? Friday the 13th?
Are you afraid already? Don't be afraid, friends.
In Italy, the number “13” is not associated with bad luck, but the number “17”...
In Italy, the number “17” is considered unlucky.
One explanation for this lies in the graves of the ancient Romans, on which there were inscriptions: “VIXI,” which translated means “I lived,” that is, “I no longer live and my life is over.”
And if we write the number 17 in Roman numerals, we get: “XVII”.
Having modified, “XVII” turns into “VIXI”, into the same Latin verb “lived”, i.e. "life has come to an end."
E tu sei superstizioso?
Are you superstitious?
essere superstizioso- be superstitious
Antonio, sei superstizioso?- Antonio, are you superstitious?
la sfortuna = la sfiga- failure, bad luck
portare fortuna- brings good luck
portare sfortuna- bring bad luck
“My years are my wealth”... Talking about age
Kristi and Antonella after a long and very tiring sightseeing:
Kristi: Che fame che ho! Mangiamo qualcosa?
How hungry I am! Let's eat something?
Antonella: Va bene! C'è una buona pizzeria vicino a Piazza Navona.
Andiamo!
Fine! There is a good pizzeria here near Piazza Navona. Let's go to!
Kristi: Ma che caldo oggi! Ordiniamo una Coca-cola, va bene?
It's so hot today! Let's order a Coca-Cola, okay?
Antonella: Sì, certo, ma io ordino anche l’acqua minerale. Dopo tutti i
monumenti di stamattina ho sete. Sei stanca, Kristi?
Yes, of course, but I will also order mineral water. After all these monuments in the morning I'm thirsty. Are you tired, Christy?
Kristi: Un po’. E tu?
A little. And you?
Antonella: Sì, anch'io. Non sono in form!
Yes, me too. I'm out of shape!
Kristi: Ma scherzi!
Are you kidding!
Antonella: Sono così stanca…. E ho solo ventidue anni! Ma, Kristi, tu parli molto bene
l’ italiano! Brava!
I'm so tired... And I'm only 22 years old! Oh Christy, you speak Italian very well! Well done!
Kristi: Grazie!
Thank you!
Pay attention to the highlighted phrase: “ E ho solo ventidue anni».
To talk about age in Italian, we will use the already familiar verb “to have” - “avere” and the question word: “quanto” - “how much”?
"quanto" + "anni" = "quanti anni"- the interrogative word “quanto”, when it comes with a noun, agrees with it in gender and number. Since the word “anni” is masculine and plural, we get: “quanti anni”. And if we ask how many chairs: “chair” in Italian is feminine – “sedia”, in the plural – “sedie” and we get: “quante sedie”.
Capito? It's clear?
Let's return to our age:
Quanti anni hai? - how old are you? (literally: how old are you?)
Quanti anni ha? - how old are you? (how old are you?)
Accordingly, in the answer we also use the verb “avere” - “to have”
Io + ho + «any number" + anni
Io ho ventisei anni, e tu? – I’m 26 years old, and you?
minorenne- minor
Lesson assignments
Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences into Italian.
- Is this girl underage? - Yes, she is only 15.
- How old are you, Signora Francesca? – 52. – You are very beautiful, and still young!
- On Tuesdays I have 3 lessons, and on Thursdays - only two. - Lucky!
- Every Tuesday I eat steak.
- Every Wednesday I buy a bag. How many bags!
- When will you finish work? - after 10 minutes. Shall we eat something then? - Certainly.
- how old are these children? - they are still small. Mario is 15 years old and Francesca is 10.
- I'm busy today, let's watch a movie another time? Fine?
- I'm thirsty, I'll take one Coca-Cola and two bottles of water.
- Will you only take one croissant? - Yes, because I'm on a diet.
Exercise 2. Write the following numerals in words:
ventidue
trentotto
undici
cinquantaquattro
sessantuno
quindici
nove
novantotto
cento
venticinque
diciannove
quarantotto English is the most important world language of our time. It is believed that with its help all people can communicate with each other. But other languages also want to achieve this goal. For example, planned languages. Planned languages are developed and developed consciously. That is, there is a plan according to which they are constructed. Planned languages mix elements from different languages. This should make them accessible to most people to study. The purpose of planned language is therefore international communication. The most famous planned language is Esperanto. It was first introduced in 1887 in Warsaw. Its founder is physician Ludwig L. Zamenhof. He saw the fact that there were problems in mutual understanding as the main cause of discord.
Therefore, he wanted to create a language that unites peoples. On it, all people were supposed to talk to each other on an equal basis. The doctor's nickname was "Esperanto", which means "hopeful". This shows how much he believed in his dream. However, the idea of a universal means of mutual understanding is much older. Until today, various planning languages have been developed. They are also associated with goals such as tolerance and human rights. Esperanto is now spoken by people from more than 120 countries. But there is also criticism of Esperanto. For example, 70% of the vocabulary is of Romance origin. And the creation of Esperanto was significantly influenced by Indo-European languages. Speakers communicate at congresses and in unions. Meetings and presentations are organized regularly. Well, did you want to learn Esperanto too? How about Esperanton? – Jes, mi parolas Esperanton tre bone!
