Ossetia– one of the most picturesque regions of the Central Caucasus, known for its unique nature, original attractions and complex history. Finding Ossetia on a map of Russia is not difficult if we are talking about Northern.
Is this Russia or not?
Both answers to this question will be correct: “yes” and “no”. Partially Ossetia belongs to the Russian Federation, while the second part is an unrecognized republic.
Which republic is part of the Russian Federation?
Republic North Ossetia– Alania is an autonomous subject of the Russian Federation and is included in the North Caucasus Federal District. South Ossetia is considered an independent republic, but it is recognized by only four UN member countries: Russia, Nauru, Venezuela, Nicaragua.
The existence of such a country is partially recognized in Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and modern Donbass, separated from Ukraine.
Now South Ossetia lives an independent life, being recognized by only a few countries in the world, with the constant support of Russia.
Rumors regularly circulate about holding a referendum on the republic's annexation to North Ossetia and its entry into the Russian Federation.
Where is?
North Ossetia, as its name suggests, is located north of the main Caucasus range, on its northern slopes. Its capital is Vladikavkaz. The southern borders of the republic go to South Ossetia and Georgia, the eastern borders to Chechnya and Ingushetia, the western borders to Kabardino-Balkaria, and the northern borders to the Stavropol Territory.
General information
The northern part of the republic occupies Stavropol Plain, further to the south are the Sunzhensky and Tersky ranges, and even further south is the Ossetian sloping plain, bounded by the Greater Caucasus. The area of North Ossetia reaches 800 thousand km² with a population of just over 700 thousand people. The main river is Terek.
Climate The climate here is moderately continental, slightly tempered by the close proximity of mountain peaks. quite warm, but long-lasting, not sultry, with a lot of precipitation. The average temperature in January is a little less than -3 degrees, and in July - a little more than +20 degrees.
Main industries economy are mechanical engineering, mining, non-ferrous metallurgy, glass, light and food industries.
Where is South Ossetia located?
In order to get to South Ossetia without any problems, a tourist needs to accurately imagine its location.
Geographical position
The republic is located on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, in the so-called Transcaucasus, and has no access to the sea. The capital of South Ossetia is Tskhinvali.
From almost all directions of the world - south, west and east - it is surrounded by the territory of Georgia, and only from the north it borders on the Alagir region of Alanya.
Internal organization
Square The republic is about 4 thousand km² with a population of just over 50 thousand people. More than 90% of the territory is occupied by mountains.
The climate here is more warm than in Alanya, since mountain ranges protect South Ossetia from northern winds. The average temperature rarely drops below +4.5 degrees, and the average annual precipitation reaches 600 mm. The largest rivers of the republic are Bolshaya and Malaya Liakhva and Ksani.
In the republic only two cities– Tskhinvali and Kvaisa – and three urban-type settlements, the rest of the settlements are villages. 90% of the population are Ossetians, the number of Russians and Georgians does not exceed a few percent.
Industry in the republic is practically undeveloped; the main sector of the economy here is agriculture, namely fruit export.
Quite recently there were fighting in South Ossetia, but now tourist trips to this area are quite real and you will be able to get closer to the way of life of modern Ossetians.
Watch a video about holidays in Alanya and the natural beauties of these places:
South Ossetia is now a self-proclaimed republic, which is generally recognized by only a few states, including Russia. South Ossetia is located, as you can easily guess from the name, the main one south of Ossetia. They are separated by the Caucasus Range, which occupies most of the territory of South Ossetia. 89% of the territory is made up of stone cliffs.
South Ossetia on an interactive map
The main transport artery is the Trans-Caucasian Highway, which runs from Russia and through the territory of Georgia to Armenia. There is also a railway, but it comes from Georgia and is now blocked. There are no airfields; among air transport, only helicopters have the ability to transport people and cargo.
Nevertheless, for this piece of land, with a population of barely one hundred thousand people (according to estimates in 1990), heated battles do not subside. The ethnic majority of Ossetians were mixed with Georgians and made up about 70% of the population. Since then, a lot of water has passed under the bridge and many refugees have fled to North Ossetia and Georgia. About 70% of Ossetians and 80% of Georgians left these places, even before 2008. Therefore, now the population is barely 70 thousand people. Calculate the decline for yourself over 20 years, taking into account the fact that in general the population of nations is growing.
Georgia declared a blockade on South Ossetia and now its currency is the Russian ruble, in turn, it gravitates towards Russia, they even teach Russian as a language of national importance. During the blockade, the gas pipeline from Georgia was disconnected in 2008, but the very next year a separate one was installed from Russia and supplied gas to South Ossetia at prices three times lower than Georgian prices.
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The territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on the map of Russia is small and occupies only 7987 square kilometers. Nearby are located:
- Georgia;
- South Ossetia;
- Chechen Republic;
- Ingushetia;
- Stavropol region.
The satellite map of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania shows that many rivers flow through its territory. The main ones are:
- Terek;
- Urukh;
- Giseldon;
- Ardon;
- Kambileevka.
Also on the territory of the republic there are glaciers that occupy a fairly large area. This:
- Miley, its area is 22 square kilometers;
- Tseysky, with an area of 18 square kilometers;
- Karaugomsky. It occupies 35 square kilometers.
The flora is diverse. These are steppes, alpine meadows, broad-leaved, pine and birch forests. The fauna is also diverse. The region is home to chamois, aurochs, lynxes, wild boars, roe deer, bears and other animals. There are a large number of birds. The climate is moderate. Summers are long and not dry, and winters are mild.
- The coldest month is January. Temperatures drop to -16 degrees;
- The warmest is July. The air warms up to +24 degrees.
What road routes pass through the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania?
- Federal highway A164 "Transcam". Vladikavkaz – Gori (Georgia);
- Federal highway A162. Vladikavkaz – Alagir;
- P295. Vladikavkaz - Old Lesken;
- P296. Mozdok – Vladikavkaz;
- P217 "Caucasus". Pavlovskaya (Krasnodar region) – Yarag-Kazmalyar (Dagestan);
- Federal highway A161. (Georgian Military Road). Vladikavkaz – border with Georgia.
Other highways have also been laid in the region. On the online map of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania with borders, you can also see the Vladikavkaz international airport, located near the city of Beslan. There is also a railway running through the territory of the subject, but it is not currently in operation.
Map of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania with districts and cities
On the map of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania with regions it is noted that in this region there is one city of republican significance. This is Vladikavkaz, which is the capital of the region. More than 320 thousand people live here. There are 8 districts in the republic:
- Alagirsky;
- Digorsky;
- Ardonsky;
- Irafsky;
- Pravoberezhny;
- Mozdoksky;
- Kirovsky;
- Suburban.
Over 700 thousand people live on the territory of the republic. More than 460 thousand are Ossetians, about 150 thousand are Russians, almost 28 thousand are Ingush. People of other nationalities also live in the republic. There are more than 25 settlements located on the territory of the subject.
The territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on the map of Russia is small and occupies only 7987 square kilometers. Nearby are located:
- Georgia;
- South Ossetia;
- Chechen Republic;
- Ingushetia;
- Stavropol region.
The satellite map of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania shows that many rivers flow through its territory. The main ones are:
- Terek;
- Urukh;
- Giseldon;
- Ardon;
- Kambileevka.
Also on the territory of the republic there are glaciers that occupy a fairly large area. This:
- Miley, its area is 22 square kilometers;
- Tseysky, with an area of 18 square kilometers;
- Karaugomsky.
South Ossetia
It occupies 35 square kilometers.
The flora is diverse. These are steppes, alpine meadows, broad-leaved, pine and birch forests. The fauna is also diverse. The region is home to chamois, aurochs, lynxes, wild boars, roe deer, bears and other animals. There are a large number of birds. The climate is moderate. Summers are long and not dry, and winters are mild.
- The coldest month is January. Temperatures drop to -16 degrees;
- The warmest is July. The air warms up to +24 degrees.
What road routes pass through the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania?
- Federal highway A164 "Transcam". Vladikavkaz – Gori (Georgia);
- Federal highway A162. Vladikavkaz – Alagir;
- P295. Vladikavkaz - Old Lesken;
- P296. Mozdok – Vladikavkaz;
- P217 "Caucasus". Pavlovskaya (Krasnodar region) – Yarag-Kazmalyar (Dagestan);
- Federal highway A161. (Georgian Military Road). Vladikavkaz – border with Georgia.
Other highways have also been laid in the region. On the online map of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania with borders, you can also see the Vladikavkaz international airport, located near the city of Beslan. There is also a railway running through the territory of the subject, but it is not currently in operation.
Map of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania with districts and cities
On the map of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania with regions it is noted that in this region there is one city of republican significance. This is Vladikavkaz, which is the capital of the region. More than 320 thousand people live here. There are 8 districts in the republic:
- Alagirsky;
- Digorsky;
- Ardonsky;
- Irafsky;
- Pravoberezhny;
- Mozdoksky;
- Kirovsky;
- Suburban.
Over 700 thousand people live on the territory of the republic. More than 460 thousand are Ossetians, about 150 thousand are Russians, almost 28 thousand are Ingush. People of other nationalities also live in the republic. There are more than 25 settlements located on the territory of the subject.
| A country | South Ossetia/Georgia |
| Administrative unit | Tskhinvali city |
| Population | 42,333 people (1989) |
| National composition | Ossetians, etc. |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: 42°13′32.38″ N 43°58′12.26″E / 42.225661°N 43.970072° E(G)(O)(Я)42°13′32.38″ N 43°58′12.26″E / 42.225661°N 43.970072° E(G)(O)(Z) |
| Official site | http://www.chinval.ru (Russian) |
| Ethnobury | Tskhinvali people, Tskhinvali, Tskhinvali |
| Timezone | UTC+3, in summer UTC+4 |
| Telephone code | +799744 and +995344 |
| First mention | 1398 |
| Center height | 877 m |
| Head of Administration | Gerasim Khugaev |
| Confessional composition | Orthodox |
| Former names | Stalinir, Staliniri (from 1934 to 1961) Tskhinvali (from 1961 to 1991) |
Tskhinvali (Ossetian Tskhinvali as it sounds, Georgian, “land of hornbeams”) is a city on the southern slopes of the Caucasus on the Bolshaya Liakhva River, at an altitude of 870 meters above sea level.
Until 1990, it was the administrative center of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region, and is currently the capital of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia.
According to the administrative-territorial division of South Ossetia, it is a separate administrative unit of South Ossetia; according to the administrative-territorial division of Georgia, it is located in the Gori district of the Georgian region of Shida Kartli.
Tskhinvali received city status in 1922.
In August 2008, the city became the site of hostilities between the Georgian and South Ossetian sides. The main administrative building of Tskhinvali was destroyed and the city was seriously damaged. In 2009, by decree of the President of South Ossetia, the city was awarded the title “Hero City” with the award of the Order “Uatsamonga”.
Name
Regarding the etymology of the word Tskhinvali, there are several versions: according to one assumption, the name of the city comes from the ancient Alan sinkh - sykh and val - supreme, that is, “supreme abode”; a version of its origin from the Svan or Georgian (Georgian) toponym is widespread among Kartvelologists. literally meaning “land of hornbeams”).
Satellite map of Tskhinvali, South Ossetia
In Russian-language sources, until the first half of the 20th century, it was called Tskhinval. In 1934, in honor of Joseph Stalin, the city was named Stalinir or Staliniri. In 1961 it was renamed Tskhinvali. In 1991, the South Ossetian authorities officially approved the name Tskhinvali, which was actually used in Soviet times in parallel with Tskhinvali. Also in everyday life the unofficial name of the city is used - Osset. Chereba ().
Russian state media, President Dmitry Medvedev, President and subsequently Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, other officials and Russian official documents, including decrees of the President of Russia, used the name "Tskhinvali" before the military conflict in August 2008. On August 26, 2009, in his statement, President Dmitry Medvedev already used the name “Tskhinvali”.
As of August 2009, Russian state media, in particular the RIA Novosti agency, use both the "Tskhinvali" and "Tskhinvali" variants.
Story
Village of Tskhinvali, 1886
The surrounding area of modern Tskhinvali was inhabited back in the Bronze Age. The settlements and archaeological artifacts found from that time are unique, as they reflect the influence of both Iberian (eastern Georgia) and Colchian (western Georgia) cultures, with possible Sarmatian elements.
The Kartli village of Tskhinvali was first mentioned in Georgian sources in 1398, although later documents were found claiming that there was a fortress built on this site in the 3rd century by King Aspagur I.
At the beginning of the 18th century, Tskhinvali was a small “royal city”, inhabited mainly by monastic serfs. After the entry of the Kartli-Kakheti kingdom (1801) into Russia, Tskhinvali was a populated area (sequentially) in the Georgian (until 1840), Georgian-Imereti (until 1846) and Tiflis provinces.
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Where is South Ossetia
There are a considerable number of inexplicable mysteries and secrets on our planet. However, despite the high level of development of human civilization, people cannot find the answer to many things and phenomena. One of these so-called mystical mysteries is Lake Ertso, located in the Caucasus.
The lake deserves attention because water disappears from it with an enviable frequency of 4-5 years. For this “behavior”, the reservoir is called a ghost lake. Curious what could be causing this phenomenon? The answer to this question is ambiguous. On the one hand, scientists have found an explanation for this, however, not everything works out smoothly.
The scientific world has been doing a lot of research on Erzo. An explanation of the phenomenon was given. According to scientists, under the lake there are void caves into which water periodically flows. This is due to the characteristics of the local rocks, consisting of chalk, gypsum, salts and other similar minerals. Such a composition is significantly susceptible to erosion by water and, as a result, extensive voids and caves are formed.
It would seem that the answer is not without common sense. However, the explanation raises even more questions. It is absolutely not clear why the water disappears and returns as if on schedule? The frequency of the strange phenomenon remains unchanged over the years. How does a ghost lake fill up again from the depths of the earth? Science still has not found an answer to these questions.
In addition to the inexplicable phenomenon of the disappearance of liquid from a reservoir, Erzo has many strange features.
Map of the Republic of North Ossetia in detail
There are no inhabitants in the lake itself and in the surrounding areas, with the exception of newts. Of course, for aquatic inhabitants the “drying up” of the lake is a discomfort, however, what is surprising is that even birds avoid flying near the strange body of water. And there is no explanation at all why the bottom, after the water has receded, remains absolutely clean. The reservoir is open, and something is bound to fall into it. But no objects are found in the dried-up basin.
In the area of the lake, under strange circumstances, people disappeared, and there were also cases of loss of mind. Similar incidents still occur from time to time, but there is no explanation for these things.
The local population has its own point of view regarding the mysterious phenomenon of the ghost lake. According to local legend, a snake of incredible size lived in the reservoir. One day, the reptile coveted a sheep intended for sacrifice. The shepherd, seeing this, sent the ram to kill the snake, tying daggers to its horns. The snake managed to escape into the mountains, and due to its gigantic size, it took water with it. From then on, when the ram manages to find a snake, it flees to the mountains, “taking” water with it. The ram has been looking for the thief reptile for many years, so the unlucky reptile has to leave the body of water to hide from the hunter.
Our planet is often reluctant to reveal its secrets to humans. These words are confirmed by Erzo - a mysterious body of water, a ghost lake. Researchers have not been able to figure out the cause and mechanism of the strange phenomenon. We can only believe the legend; perhaps not everything in it is fiction?
Photos
South Ossetia is a state in Transcaucasia with the capital Tskhinvali, which has a controversial international legal status. The independence of the republic was recognized by Russia and four other states that are members of the UN in 2008-2011.
South Ossetia on the world map
South Ossetia is a small state with an area of approximately 3900 square meters. km and a length of 79 km from north to south. Its territory is dominated by mountainous terrain. The highest point of the republic is Mount Halatsa. The height of the peak covered with eternal snow is 3938 meters. On the Celtic Plateau, at an altitude of 2925 meters, is the largest lake in South Ossetia, covered with ice most of the year. It is called Kelistba and is the source of the Ksani River. In the Kudar Gorge there is a unique karst lake called Ertso. Once every 5–6 years, the largest of the karst natural reservoirs of the Caucasus presents a surprise: water disappears from the lake bowl. According to researchers, water flows through underground channels into caves. At the top of Mount Tsetelikhati there is a closed system of two lakes with blue, clear, very clean water, connected by a stream. 5 km from the town of Kvaisa there is a picturesque lake Kvedi (Koz), surrounded by dense forests. The largest rivers are the tributaries of the Kura - Bolshaya Liakhva and Ksani. The only protected area is the Liakhvi Nature Reserve, where high-mountain forests grow and rare species of animals live.
Map of South Ossetia in Russian
In this region, protected from the penetration of cold northern winds by the Main Caucasus Range, thermometers show higher temperatures than the average for the Caucasus. In July the average temperature is +20.4, in January - 4.5 degrees above zero. The climate in the mountains differs sharply from the climate in the lowlands.
The Republic of South Ossetia is divided into four districts: Dzauzsky, Znaursky, Leningorsky and Tskhinvalisky. In addition to the capital, which is a separate administrative unit, only one settlement, Kvaisa, located in the Kudar Gorge, has city status. Kvaisa is separated from the main city of the republic by 60 kilometers. The administrative centers of three districts (Dzau, Leningor and Znaur) have the status of urban-type settlements. The remaining settlements have the status of villages.
The main city of Tskhinvali was seriously damaged in 2008 during a clash between the Georgian and South Ossetian sides. As a result of the bombing, almost all architectural monuments located here before the armed conflict were completely destroyed or damaged. Only the domed church, the Church of the Holy Mother of God, is in satisfactory condition.
