About Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka - Read about Sri Lanka before visiting the island. Sri Lanka - where is such a country located?

Sri Lanka or Ceylon? What is the correct name for an exotic island lost somewhere out there in the equatorial expanses of the Indian Ocean?

In those days, when the British ruled the emerald island, the country was called Ceylon. In 1948, Ceylon gained independence from the British crown, and in 1972, the proud islanders returned to their island the ancient name of Sri Lanka, which means “blessed land” in Sanskrit.

When is the best time to go on holiday to Sri Lanka?

Thank God, now you can fly to the blessed island at any time of the year. Moreover, Sri Lanka is a year-round tourist destination. The concept of “off season” does not exist on the island. There is a so-called rainy season. But this is not at all what they show in the movies about Robinson Crusoe - pouring rain day and night. As a rule, the rainy season is limited only to night showers and short rains during the day, and the rest of the time it is warm and sunny. The maximum that can darken your trip during the monsoon period is the lack of scorching sun. The sun is hidden behind a gentle haze, but don’t be upset: you will still tan, and the tan will be more gentle and even. Two monsoons occur in Sri Lanka at different times on different halves of the island. The western monsoon season lasts from May to July. At this time it rains mainly in the southwestern part of the island. The northeast monsoons last from November to January. Thus, if you are planning to relax on the western or southern coast, then the best time for this is from October to April.

Where to live in Sri Lanka?

The star rating of hotels in Ceylon is a very arbitrary concept, depending on the quality and quantity of services provided and, of course, importantly, on the location. On the emerald island there are accommodation options for every taste: hotels of different categories, resorts, guest houses, villas, private housing. The cost of accommodation can vary from $20 to $2000 per night, but for $2000 you will have an entire villa at your disposal - the latest in fashion. But in general, the price range of Sri Lankan hotels fluctuates, or, more correctly, “waves” between the prices for holidays in Egypt and Turkey. The largest number of decent hotels are located along the western and southern coasts, in the ancient capital of Kandy and in the central historical part of the island. In general, cheaper hotels are located north of Colombo, more expensive hotels are located to the south. The most respectable holiday destination can be considered the west coast south of Colombo, starting from Kalutara to Beruwela and Bentota. As a rule, our compatriots prefer to relax on the most famous southwestern coast. Back in Soviet times, employees of the Soviet embassy went to the Beruwela area on weekends. And our diplomats knew a lot about rest. After the modern highway was built along the west coast, local resorts became even more attractive. Only 30-60 km from Colombo! Here are the best sandy beaches, low ocean waves (not like the “thug waves” in the southeast in the area of ​​Yala National Park!), and a large number of decent 4* and 5* hotels. There aren’t many “fives” here, but there are some! Just look at the Indian luxury hotel Taj Exotica and the unrivaled Helitance Ahungala hotel. Do not forget that we are not talking about the developed tourist infrastructure of Patong Beach on the island. Phuket (Thailand), where in the full sense of the word “the apple has nowhere to fall”! Sri Lanka has not yet been truly explored by tourists. And that's great! There are not many such oases left on our planet! And while Sri Lanka is still like this, don’t waste time. Let's go!

Well, where else in the tropics or on the equator is there such a concentration of ancient architectural and cultural values ​​of world significance, dating back to the period BC and located at arm’s length from the ocean?! In what other country will you have such an opportunity to combine serene relaxation on the coast of the majestic ocean with a romantic fairy-tale journey into a perfectly preserved ancient world? Many tourists are happy to combine the varied excursion program of Colombo - Dambulla - Kandy - Nuwara Eliya - Yala National Park with a sea holiday. The duration of the excursion program is from 3 to 7 days. Along the entire route, unsurpassed hotels with gorgeous panoramic views and polished “colonial” service are at your service. What is it worth, for example, to relax in the mountains almost 2000 m above sea level in the Victorian-style Grand Hotel in Nuwara Eliya, built by the English colonialists! Or check out the new hotel in Kandy, Earl’s Regency Hotel, with magnificent views of the mountain scenery and the Mahawelly River.

Of course, there are also fairly inexpensive quality 3* hotels on the island. For example, "Induruwa Beach". 3* in Sri Lanka is not the same as in London or Italy, it is rather similar to European 4*. And yet, if you covered a distance of 8 hours of flight, bought a far from cheap ticket, then pay an extra 10-15% and stay in a hotel of a higher category, so that later, upon returning to Russia, in the cold rainy autumn or frosty winter you can indulge in sweets memories of a wonderful “abandoned paradise”.

And more about hotels and reservations. There is no need to compare Sri Lanka with the popular large-scale resorts of Egypt, Turkey and even Thailand. There are traditionally few hotels here. If even during the conflict in the north of the island there were not enough hotel rooms during the high season, then what can we say about the present times, when everything is peaceful and quiet. Peace and grace! Sri Lanka is now more popular than ever all over the world. And Western Europe is “ahead of the rest of the world” in terms of bookings, so our compatriots risk being left without a coveted vacation on the shores of the azure Indian Ocean with enchanting sunsets and amazing ancient cultural monuments during the New Year and holidays.

Is it worth going to Sri Lanka with children?

Sri Lanka has all the conditions for recreation and living with children. Restaurants on the island offer a special children's menu; in supermarkets you can buy baby food, diapers, and anything else you want. Hotels offer accommodation in a two-room family room, but the number of two-room rooms is usually limited and must be booked in advance. Animation in Sri Lanka is not always the best. The hotels have a more intimate, secluded atmosphere. It is clear that the best place for a child will be the beach. It is necessary to use sunburn protection and follow safety rules when swimming in the ocean. Also remember that only bottled water is suitable for drinking, brushing your teeth and washing fruit. Always remember the rules of hygiene, do not buy food and fruit from random street vendors, feed your children only in trusted restaurants and cafes (check with your guide first). And then the rest for you and your children will not be overshadowed by anything. Children will enjoy seeing elephants in their natural habitat at the nursery in Pinnawala, or take an impressive train journey to the center of the island and visit the zoos in Colombo and Dehiwala. If you want to go on an excursion that is too tiring for children or go shopping, you can leave your child in a safe place. A number of hotels have special play areas and experienced animators. Children will not be bored, they will be supervised. Of course, do not forget about acclimatization and take older children with you and for a longer period. It is better to go during the mid-season, so that there is less contrast between the “home” and “colonial” climate.

How long should you go to Sri Lanka?

“Two weeks in Sri Lanka - a year’s worth of impressions. Until next trip. Same way". 14 days is enough to stay on the island. In 1 week you are unlikely to have time to visit all the sights of the blessed land. Usually they choose a tour for 10-11 nights, including a holiday on the coast and an excursion tour lasting 3-4 nights, for example, the “Golden Triangle” Sigiriya - Dambulla - Kandy. Of course, 10-11 nights is a standard rest period for our eternally busy citizens. At the same time, we would like to draw your attention to the fact that the “ticket part” of the tour cost is usually at least 80%, i.e. each additional day of your stay on the “island”, where, clearly, there is “no calendar”, not too much will affect your budget. Well, for example, the cost of accommodation in a 4* hotel is $30-50 per day per person (“a modest dinner for a Moscow worker”). If possible, then 3 or 4 weeks in Ceylon, taking into account acclimatization, is just right! By the way, in Sri Lanka, at every step you can meet “new European Sri Lankans” - Western Europeans waiting out the long slushy winter in a paradise on the planet.

What is a must-see in Sri Lanka?

In Sri Lanka, the UNESCO list includes 8 ancient sites of world cultural and historical heritage. Among them is the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic. This place is sacred to Sri Lankans. Legend has it that when the Buddha was cremated, his disciples removed four teeth from the funeral pyre. One of them is still preserved in the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic. When visiting the temple, women must completely cover their arms and legs, and men must wear long trousers; You can only walk around the temple barefoot, so you must be prepared to be asked to take off your shoes and leave them in a special wardrobe. Another site is the ancient city of Galle, located almost at the southernmost point of Sri Lanka, with a fortress and buildings from the times of the Portuguese colonialists (XVI-XVII centuries). This seaport has been known since ancient times. There is a legend that King Solomon himself exported precious stones from the port of Galle. We list further: the Sinharaja Nature Reserve (pristine jungle, many endemic trees, birds, mammals, insects, amphibians), the Golden Temple of Dambulla (a cave temple complex with 157 Buddha statues and wall paintings, a place of pilgrimage for 22 centuries), the ancient city of Sigiriya (V century AD; famous wall paintings); the ancient city of Polonnaruwa (the second capital of Sri Lanka since 993), the holy city of Anuradhapura (the first capital of the country, where you can see Buddhist shrines, including a ficus tree grown from the shoot of the tree under which Buddha achieved enlightenment), the sacred mountain Adam's Peak (Sripada), which is climbed by pilgrims from December to May. Which national parks are worth visiting in Sri Lanka?

The island has 14 national parks, a rich fauna (of the 91 species of mammals living in this region, 16 can be found only in Sri Lanka), including Indian elephants, wild Asian buffalo, water buffalo, Indian sambar, sika deer, mouse deer , Sri Lankan sloths, Ceylon leopards, Asian fish cats, red spotted Sri Lankan cats, Sri Lankan gray mongooses, black-necked Ceylon hares, porcupines, giant squirrels, water and Bengal monitor lizards, crocodiles, turtles, dozens of species of monkeys and many other animals, birds and insects , which will not leave anyone indifferent. The largest and most famous national park in Sri Lanka is Yala National Park. A jeep safari through the national park will allow you to see elephants (and possibly leopards) in all their glory in their natural habitat. Uda Walawe Park is home to the largest population of elephants.

From vivid memories. Breakfast on the veranda of the Yala Beach Hotel restaurant, located on the territory of a national reserve, to the sound of the powerful ocean surf. The ocean is hysterical. And what do you want? After all, this is the southern, overly “exciting” coast! The waiter, all in white, brings bright red aromatic tea in a snow-white cup of the finest English bone china. The tea, of course, is elite Ceylon tea, indescribably delicious. The gentle morning sun, not at all “burning”, everything around is fragrant, the birds are chirping. But the most impressive thing is that literally 200-300 meters from the restaurant terrace, before our eyes, a mother elephant with her trunk takes water from a river sparkling in the sun, flowing into the ocean, and washes her two elephant cubs with such an impromptu shower. Impressive! Everyone is delighted! It is for the sake of such impressions that it is worth visiting the island of breathtaking beauty!

Lankan traditional festival. Is it worth visiting?

At the end of July - beginning of August, for 10 days, Sri Lanka is immersed in a festive atmosphere. This is Kandy Esala Perahera, the most famous Buddhist festival. Peralesa ("procession") takes place in Kandy. For 10 days, every night on the streets of the city you can see a procession of drummers, dancers, dressed up elephants and acrobats, mahouts with whips that drive away evil spirits. The “obligatory” caparisoned elephant carries the symbol of the festival - the sacred tooth of Buddha; all believers have the opportunity to honor the relic. The Buddhist festival Posong Poya is also held every full moon. Vesak Poya is a major festival that takes place in May. On this day, Buddhists celebrate the birthday, enlightenment and immersion in nirvana of Gautama Buddha. On this day, it is customary to decorate local temples and light lanterns at nightfall, which symbolizes enlightenment. People send postcards to their friends: they usually depict some memorable events from the life of Gautama Buddha. The Hindu festival Vel (July-August) takes place in Colombo, the main event of this festival is the passage of the sacred chariot of the god of war Skanda. Hindus also celebrate the harvest festival (Tai Pongal), the Great Night of Shiva (Maha Shivaratri) - the most important festival of the year for followers of the god Shiva, the festival of lights (Deepavali). Lankan New Year falls in mid-April. This holiday is celebrated by everyone, without exception, regardless of religion and religious beliefs.

If you want to get acquainted with the centuries-old traditions and history of Sri Lanka, then visiting the festival on the Island is what you need. Sri Lankans are always smiling, kind and, of course, will only be happy if you want to share their festivities.

Tell us about ways to prevent diseases? How to avoid getting sick in Sri Lanka?

In Sri Lanka the sea is not knee-deep. Firstly, it is necessary to observe basic hygiene standards. Never drink tap water, and avoid iced drinks and juices in places where bottled water is not used. Therefore, choose only proven catering places (check with your guide first). Of course, it is necessary to maintain the body's water balance. It is important to avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and overwork, as this, coupled with acclimatization, can lead to stomach upset. Always use a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15. In the evening and when going into the jungle, repellent must be used. You should not play with stray dogs. Don't forget about your headdress! After drinking alcohol (even in small quantities), it is contraindicated to approach the sea or ocean; jump into the pool and splash around in it, come out of the shadows into the sun.

If you do get sick, you should not self-medicate; it is better to consult a doctor immediately. There are doctors in the resort area and in all settlements who can provide the necessary medical care. The best clinics where conventional methods of treatment and surgery are used are located in Colombo. It is important to note that, although Sri Lanka traditionally belongs to a third world country, the level of medicine in the country is traditionally high, and there are good prospects for the development of medical tourism.

Is Ayurveda practiced in Sri Lanka?

Ayurveda translated from Sanskrit means “science of life.” Medicine was first mentioned in the original Vedas. This science has been described as a traditional healing system that respects human individuality. According to Ayurveda, the health of every person depends on the harmonious interaction of body, spirit and living environment. When inconsistencies occur in any of these areas, a person feels unhealthy. Ayurveda allows you to restore human harmony, balance between body, spirit and the outside world. With the help of Ayurveda, one can not only prevent and treat diseases, but also control behavior and psychological state. The whole body is treated, not just specific organs. In Sri Lanka, there are Ayurveda centers in most hotels. Here, ancient healing traditions are combined with modern treatment methods. Sri Lanka has about 6,500 graduates, many of whom completed a seven-year training course followed by two years of practice in traditional hospitals. A qualified doctor can determine the individual problem of each organism and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Ayurvedic medicinal preparations are based only on natural plants, herbs, resins, and oils from them.

What water sports are there in Sri Lanka?

Sri Lanka has a great variety of rivers, lagoons and reservoirs. You can kayak and canoe here year-round, combining these activities with hiking and camping. The fast currents and rapids of Kelani Ganga near Kitulgala are ideal for rafting between November and April. The coast of the island, which is almost one and a half thousand kilometers long and with a water temperature of 28? C, is a kind of mecca for water tourism all year round. Windsurfing, water skiing, surfing, kitesurfing, sailing, snorkeling, diving, yachting, swimming, sea and river fishing, spearfishing - it's all there. Sri Lanka attracts divers from all over the world with a variety of corals and marine life of unusual appearance and with unusual names (angel fish, Moorish idols, parrot fish). From March to April you can watch dolphins and whale sharks. But the main feature of diving in Sri Lanka is visiting underwater rocks, grottoes and sunken ships. About 20 ships of the 19th and 20th centuries, lying at a depth of 8 to 30 m, are open for inspection. These are tankers, steamships, bulk carriers, merchant ships and even a modern cargo ship. Many of them are well preserved, you can even examine them inside. On the southwest coast of the island, diving centers operate from November to April, and on the northeast - from March to May and from August to December. The best dive sites are on the east coast around Trincomalee and Batticaloa. In the west, you can dive off the coasts of Negombo, Beruwela and Bentota, while in the south, divers prefer the areas of Hikkaduwa and Unawatuna. Here in the south, in the region of unabated winds, there is a haven for windsurfing lovers. Among athletes who already have training, the waters of the lagoon in Negombo and the ocean coast of the northeast near Nilaveli Beach are popular. Currently, windsurfers are exploring new places in Kalpitiya (opportunities for practicing this sport have appeared at the Alankuda Beach Hotel). The best conditions for experienced surfers are on the east coast of the island in the Arugam Bay area. This place is most popular among fans of regular surfing. The best time for windsurfing is when there is minimal ocean swell and a constant breeze (on the southwest coast - from November to April, and on the northeast and east coasts - from May to October).

What opportunities for active tourism exist in Sri Lanka?

Extreme lovers in Sri Lanka can engage in caving (descent into caves), mountain biking, rock climbing, and paragliding. Those who are interested in ecotourism can visit the cloud forests of Horton Plains, the Sinharaja rain forest, the Hakgala National Park and Knakles mountain range. If you love playing golf, there are golf clubs at your service in Colombo, near Kandy (Victoria Club) and in Nuwara Eliya.

Is it possible to combine a trip to Sri Lanka with a holiday in the Maldives?

And how! This is a fairly popular way among tourists to combine relaxation and diving in the Maldives with a more active educational pastime in Ceylon. There are regular flights between Colombo and Male. The flight from the Maldives to Sri Lanka lasts an hour. Transaero regularly flies to Male (the capital of the Maldives), and Aeroflot flies to Colombo (in season). A combination of flights is possible: arrival in Colombo - departure from Male and vice versa. "Moscow Tour" specializes in such tours to Sri Lanka and the Maldives.

How to dress in Sri Lanka?

Cotton and linen clothes are what you need in the hot sun! Don't forget your hat! For footwear, flip-flops or sandals are suitable. When traveling to the mountains, take a sweater, trousers and comfortable shoes with you. Put mosquito repellent in your purse. If you are going to the provinces, dress more conservatively. When visiting temples, men should cover their knees and shoulders, women should completely cover their arms and legs.

What is worth trying in Sri Lanka?

The resorts of the coast of Sri Lanka are a haven for lovers of fish and seafood. Lobsters, king prawns, crabs and other shellfish are waiting in the wings in restaurant aquariums. Ceylonese cuisine is largely reminiscent of South Indian cuisine. A huge amount of spices, hot pepper and a minimum of meat. Many cafes and restaurants generally serve only vegetarian food (look for the “Pure Veg” mark on the sign next to the name). To truly get a feel for what Sri Lanka is and “what it’s eaten with,” choose local dishes with sonorous names: dal, tandoori, roti, devil tuna, curry. Focus on vegetable dishes, here on the island they know how to cook them well. Fruits in Sri Lanka are not too expensive, and the range of tropical fruits amazes even experienced gourmets: pineapples, bananas, mangoes, jackfruit, mangosteen, papaya and much more. It is easier to list fruits that do not grow in Sri Lanka.

I remember a banana smoothie (the islanders make it great!) on the terrace of the hotel restaurant in Beruwela with an amazing view of the ocean! With a breathtakingly beautiful sunset of the solar disk! With a caressing ocean breeze! Breathtaking! It seemed as if time had stopped! I just can’t believe that this could be real! Fantastic!

What can you bring from Sri Lanka? What to buy in Sri Lanka?

Figurines of lions, elephants, swans, lotuses, various copper boxes, vases, trays, lanterns, silver items, jewelry, jewelry, batik, tea sets, Sinhala masks, textiles, lace, finely carved wooden crafts, lacquered ceramic items - all this, upon returning home, will remind you of the unforgettable and beautiful blessed land - the island of Sri Lanka. A hand-carved round table for 3-4 persons made of precious wood can be bought for $1000-2000 in a large tourist store on the road from the ancient capital of Anuradhapura to the ancient capital of Kandy. Make a purchase and a table will be sent to you. Don't worry and don't doubt! Sri Lankans are honest and obliging. In Moscow, such a table costs at least $10,000. If not with impressions, then with souvenirs you can definitely “pay off” a trip to an exotic “equatorial” island.

The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is an island nation in South Asia, better known as Ceylon, located off the southeastern coast of the Hindustan Peninsula. The capital is the city of Colombo.

Location and parameters of the island

Perhaps not every person knows where Sri Lanka is located on the world map. The country is located in the Indian Ocean on the island of Ceylon with coordinates: 79 degrees east longitude and 6 degrees north latitude. Discovered by Portuguese sailors in 1506.

Like some other South Asian states, the country was a colony. The island was owned by Portugal, Holland and England. The state gained its independence in 1948 under the name Ceylon, and in 1972 the country became known as Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is separated from the Asian continent by the Gulf of Manara, about 50 kilometers wide.

The island has the following parameters:

  • area is 65,600 square kilometers;
  • length from south to north 445 kilometers;
  • length from east to west 220 kilometers;
  • The length of the coastline is 1350 kilometers.

The northernmost point of Sri Lanka is Cape Pedro, the southernmost is the lighthouse in the village of Dondra.

In ancient times, the island of Ceylon was connected to Hindustan by a land bridge, but at the end of the 15th century, as a result of an earthquake, it lost land connections with the Asian mainland. The island itself, shaped like an egg, was called a pearl, a tear, “Sapphire Island.”

Flora and fauna

The island of Sri Lanka has a diverse flora and fauna. More than 250 species of birds are permanent inhabitants of the island, about 200 species of birds are migratory from Europe, Siberia, and Scandinavian countries, wintering here. In spring, about 250 species of butterflies migrate here.

The fauna of Ceylon is also diverse, representatives of which are:

  • buffalos;
  • wild boars;
  • deer;
  • jackals;
  • the Bears;
  • foxes;
  • porcupines;
  • elephants;
  • monkey.

More than 70 species of reptiles thrive on the island, including crocodiles, snakes, and turtles.

Diverse world and flora in Sri Lanka. More than 3,000 species of all kinds of plants grow here, including ferns, orchids, and medicinal herbs.

The island contains nature reserves, national parks and reservations that preserve unique nature.

A country's economy

Sri Lanka is a multinational country. The population reaches 20 million people. The main nationalities living on the island are Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims and Burgers. All of them create the country's economy with their labor.

The island of Ceylon, where Sri Lanka is located, accounts for 10% of all tea produced in the world. The country ranks third in the world in this indicator after India and China. The production of precious stones, cinnamon, and rubber is also very developed here. And although the main industrial sector of the island is textiles, due to the abolition of quotas on clothing imports, local products have been replaced by Chinese ones.

The main economic center is the port of Colombo.

Sri Lanka's main export products are:

  • cloth;
  • precious stones: sapphires, emeralds, rubies;
  • rubber;
  • coconuts;
  • fish;
  • textile.

The country imports food, oil, transport, and industrial equipment.

Leisure and tourism

Recreation and tourism play an increasingly important role in the country's economy. The whole world knows the place where Sri Lanka is located, because the island is known as a seaside resort recreation center. There are also religious and historical Buddhist monuments here. Vacationers can visit the Temple of the Tooth Relic in the ancient capital of Sri Lanka - the city of Kandy.

Where Sri Lanka is located, there is no bustle or city noise. There is only nature and the sea here. The main entertainments for vacationers are:

  • underwater diving;
  • picnic in nature;
  • fishing;
  • cricket.

Resorts Sri Lanka

People planning to spend their current holiday on the island of Sri Lanka should know the positive aspects of choosing resorts in the country. These include:

  • convenient and acceptable location of resorts to the airport;
  • exotic nature;
  • compact location of resorts along the coastline, making it possible to visit them by public transport;
  • climatic favorability.

The list of resorts in Sri Lanka is quite large. We list those that are most in demand among tourists:

  • Beruwela;
  • Mount Lavinya;
  • Tangale;
  • Kalutara;
  • Bentota;
  • Hikaduwa;
  • Kosgoda;
  • Mirissa;
  • Unawantuna;
  • Hambantota;
  • Dikwela.

Resorts Sri Lanka. How to get there? Each of the above island resorts can be reached from the airport by regular public transport in two to three hours. When choosing, be sure to take into account: the presence of underwater currents and wave heights. Where Sri Lanka is located is the subequatorial monsoon, which brings the heaviest rain from May to October. Therefore, it is important to decide on a temporary rest period. It is also recommended to have both a map of the country of Sri Lanka itself and a tourist map of the island, which shows the main attractions.

Sri Lanka is a luxurious pearl in the Indian Ocean. This island-state with more than 2000 years of history is considered a treasure trove of the cultural and historical heritage of mankind. In short, Sri Lanka is tea, gems, an eventful history, amazingly picturesque views, a warm ocean and friendly people.

Geographical characteristics

The island of Sri Lanka, whose outline resembles a teardrop, is located in South Asia, 800 km from the equatorial line. It is washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Manara and the Bay of Bengal, and the Palk Strait. In ancient times, Sri Lanka was connected to the mainland by the Adam's Bridge shoal, but, as legends tell, in 1481 this shoal was destroyed by an earthquake.

The area of ​​the island is 65,610 km², it stretches for 225 km in a west-east direction, and 445 km in a north-south direction.

The terrain in Sri Lanka is mostly lowland, with a mountain range in the center. The highest mountain is Pidurutalagala (2524 m), but the majestic Sri Pada, also called Adam's Peak (2243 m), is more famous. There are 2 capes on the island: from the south - Dondra, from the west - Dutch Bay.

Sri Lanka is inhabited by 21 million people. It so happens that the predominant nationalities are the Sinhalese and Tamils; burghers, Moors and Veddas (indigenous population) also live. This situation has affected the language issue of the state: the national languages ​​are Sinhala and Tamil, but English is also often spoken.


History of the island

In the written chronicle "Mahavamsa", which from the 6th century. until 1815, it was led by Buddhist monks, and a detailed history of the island state is outlined.


Ancient city of Pollonaruwa

Initially, these lands were inhabited by the ancestors of the Veddas, who belonged to the Australoid-Negroid race. As indicated in the chronicle, in 504 BC. The island lands were conquered by the Indian prince Vijaya. His followers ruled Sri Lanka throughout the 6th–5th centuries. BC, and then many immigrants from India settled on its territory. Vijaya gave the island the same name as his clan - “Sinhaladvipa”. In the 18th century, under the British, this name was reborn as “Silon” (“Ceylon”).

From the end of the 3rd century. until the 13th century the island belonged to the Sinhala kingdoms, and by the end of the 13th century. its lands to the north and east were inhabited by large communities of Tamils. In the 15th century, the island was captured by troops from China, after which small states were formed on its territory.

In the 16th century The coastal island areas were occupied by immigrants from Portugal, who built a fortress in Colombo. The influence of the Portuguese colonialists grew and intensified, and by the end of the 16th century. they controlled the main part of the island.


In the 17th century The Portuguese were replaced by colonialists from Holland: in 1638-1639 they managed to conquer the island lands almost entirely. Until 1796, the entire territory was under their control.

In 1796, almost the entire island passed to Great Britain, and in 1798 it became its colonial territory. The kingdom of Kandy remained independent, but in 1815 it was also included in the colonial lands.

Only in 1948 did Sri Lanka emerge from British rule, but remained a Dominion in the United Kingdom of England and acquired the name “Ceylon”.

Since the island ceased to be a colony of Great Britain, its recent history can be roughly divided into the following periods:

  • 1948-1972 – Dominion of Ceylon. Autonomy in the Commonwealth of Nations under the leadership of the English ruler, nationalist reforms. The formation of preconditions for the beginning of interethnic discord, anti-Tamil pogroms, the eviction of Tamils ​​to India, the 1971 uprising.
  • 1972-1978 - independent Republic. Closure of British military bases, nationalization of tea production.
  • 1978-1983 – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Increasing ethnic strife. Internal war in the state against the backdrop of the fight against the LTTE insurgents demanding autonomy and secession.
  • 2009-2017 – recovery period. Implementation of the restoration program with the full support of other states. Peaceful change of power in 2015: former Health Minister Maithripala Sirisena won early presidential elections. Fruitful cooperation with international partners, economic growth.

Climatic conditions


The island is located in the tropical zone, therefore, the climate here is tropical - warm and with high humidity.

The air temperature is even, the difference between the warmest and coldest months is 2-3°C. The average annual temperature on the island ranges from +27°C to +32°C, with the exception of mountainous areas where temperatures up to +10°C can be observed at night from December to March.


In May - September, the coasts in the west and south are in the rainy season - they are brought by the monsoon from the southwest. From October to January the rains prevail on the northern coast, but there they are caused by the monsoon from the northeast. The rainy season is characterized by powerful and short showers (they last on average 10-15 minutes, and at night), as well as powerful winds that raise high ocean waves.

Thanks to weather conditions, you can relax on the beaches of Sri Lanka all year round, just in different areas:

  • in winter (October - April) - in the southwest;
  • in summer (March - November) - in the northeast.

As for the Indian Ocean, its waters have a temperature that ranges from +27...+29°C.

Regions and cities

The Republic of Sri Lanka consists of 9 provinces, they contain 25 districts. The official capital is considered to be Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, where the parliament and the state judicial service are located. The government administration and presidential residence are located in the nearby city of Colombo, which has been recognized as the unofficial capital.

The following cities may be of greatest interest to travelers:

Colombo. In its northern part there is the Fort tourist center - almost all hotels, shops, and restaurants are located there.


Anuradhapura is a town in the North Central Province. It is famous for its temple and monastery buildings that have survived from ancient times.


Kandy is the ancient capital of the island state, located in the Central Province. Every year in Kandy, the Esala Peraher festival takes place, when a religious relic, the tooth of Buddha, is brought out to display.

There are many good resorts on the island. But the main question for most tourists remains: “Which resort to prefer?” So:

Bentota is popular among young families, adventure seekers and outdoor enthusiasts. A variety of services that tourists can use are designed to suit any budget. Read .

Beruwela is suitable for vacationers who come to Sri Lanka primarily for the beaches. At the same time, there are hotels both for budget tourists and for luxury holidays.


Sri Lankan family on Wadduwa beach

Wadduwa is famous for its sandy beaches, lined with coconut trees. The tourist infrastructure here is not very developed: there are several hotels, shops, restaurants and cafes, and a diving center operates. will appeal to those who like to immerse themselves in the culture of the country of travel.

Koggala is located at a relative distance from the civilized world, which makes it attractive to travelers dreaming of a relaxing holiday. All infrastructure is present, there are even tennis courts and golf courses. Read .

Mount Lavinia is a fairly large center of trade, industry and economy. It is popular due to its extensive and well-maintained beaches.


Nuwara Eliya has the reputation of being one of the few cool oases in the hot country of South Asia with Victoria Park, Lake Gregory, a golf complex, and a racetrack. But first of all, produced in the area.

Hikkaduwa is a diving Mecca, famous for its coral reefs and numerous inhabitants of the underwater world. In addition, the tourism infrastructure is most developed here.

Tangalle is interesting for its numerous secluded bays, wide deserted beaches, and places for snorkeling. The Tangalle resort is described in more detail.

Dambulla. On this mountain (its height is 350 m) there are several cave temples, where the most extensive selection of Buddha statues is presented. Built back in the 1st century BC. - an important religious site for numerous pilgrims and an interesting site for tourists.


Anuradhapura. This city on the banks of the Aruvi River was the capital in ancient times. The “Old City” is an archaeological zone, a couple of ancient temples, bell-shaped stupas (III-I centuries BC), and an archaeological museum.

Polonnaruwa. This city-museum was once the capital, and since 1982 it has been protected by UNESCO. In this city, tourists are most attracted by the Stone Temple and 4 Buddha statues, carved from a single granite block.


Fort Galle. The fortress, which is still in good condition, was built by the Dutch. They recaptured the bastion from the Portuguese in 1640, and the credit for the foundation belongs to them.

When it comes to entertainment, there is plenty to choose from on this island. The entertainment complexes operating at most resorts offer boat rides, banana boat rides, ski rides, and parasailing.

Helicopter flights to many attractions are organized from Ratmalana Airport, and hot air balloon flights are conducted in Udawalawe Park and Mount Sigiriya.

There are many golf clubs on the island with well-equipped courses.

Nightclubs and discos open after 22.00 and remain open until the morning. There are almost 2 dozen casinos in Colombo, almost all of them operate 24 hours a day. The most famous is the Colombo-3 CONTINENTAL CLUB.

Sri Lankan cuisine

The basis of Sri Lankan cuisine is a variety of fruits and vegetables, fish and seafood, and rice. They eat very little meat here, giving preference to pork and chicken, and they don’t eat beef at all, since cows are considered sacred animals.

Like most eastern countries, food in Sri Lanka is very spicy. Curry is the name here for any dish prepared with a mixture of various spices ground into powder. The locals' excessive love for spices, especially chilli, makes all the local food fiery hot.

Coconut oil, juice, milk, shavings from the pulp of this nut, and palm nectar are added to many Sri Lankan dishes.

Food on the island is cheap: typically, lunch will cost around $2-4. In the most expensive establishments aimed at tourists, you will have to pay about $10.

Sri Lanka: the most important things about the currency


The currency of Sri Lanka is Sri Lankan rupees (LKR and Rs). There are notes of 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000, and coins of 1, 2, 5 and 10 rupees.

You are allowed to bring any amount of currency into Sri Lanka, but amounts exceeding $15,000 must be declared. When importing more than $5,000, the currency must also be declared if you plan to take it back.

It is equally convenient to take dollars and euros to Sri Lanka - there are absolutely no problems with exchange.

Where to change currency


The exchange can be carried out at bank branches, exchange offices, hotels, jewelry retail outlets - in big cities this does not arise any difficulties. In areas where tourists rarely visit, exchanging money may be difficult and should be considered before traveling to such areas.

Although “private traders” offer to exchange at a rate that compares favorably with the bank rate, it is still better to carry out such transactions in official institutions. It should be taken into account that even at exchange offices located very close by, the exchange rate can vary greatly. Therefore, it makes sense to go through several exchangers to choose the one that offers the most favorable conditions.

You can make a reverse exchange, that is, exchange the remaining rupees in exchange for dollars at the purchase rate, before departure at the airport, but only if you have a certificate of the exchange completed (official exchange offices provide it when performing a currency transaction).

What you need to know about plastic cards

Plastic cards are quite common on the island; in big cities you can use them to pay in many hotels and shops. There are ATMs in all tourist areas, and even in most remote areas.

It should be taken into account that some banks classify Sri Lanka as a high-risk country when performing transactions with plastic cards.

If you do not inform your bank in advance that the plastic card will be used in Sri Lanka, there is a high probability that it will be blocked during the first use.

Transport on the island

If you are planning a trip to Sri Lanka on your own, without the help of a tour operator, then you need to take care of the most convenient travel option.


Sri Lanka's railway system serves the main cities of the island, with the exception of cities in the north and east of the country.

The maximum fare from Colombo to any station is 300 rupees. The trains are very comfortable, and passengers can choose a carriage with any degree of comfort at their discretion.

Many routes, especially in the part where the railways pass through mountainous terrain, are very picturesque. Tourists who want to admire the local views can use special carriages with large windows.

Aircraft

The airline Aero Lanka operates flights from Colombo to the following destinations: Jaffna - in the far north of the country.

Buses


Buses on the island are inconvenient, but they are very cheap: for just a couple of dollars you can travel across the entire island. Tickets for AC class buses will cost 2 times more, but this transport is much more comfortable: air conditioning is installed and seats will be provided. There are city and private bus routes in large cities, and travel for them will cost approximately the same.

Car rental

In Sri Lanka, it is rare to rent a car, which is explained by driving on the left and poor adherence to the rules by drivers and pedestrians. Still, you can rent a car in Colombo:

  • With a driver– in this case, the driver’s services are paid. Some drivers are licensed by the state to engage in this type of activity. Many of them speak several languages ​​and have a wide knowledge of the island.
  • Without driver– the average cost is 2400 rupees per day, which includes a mileage of 80 kilometers. All additional kilometers will cost 8 rupees each. A driver must be at least 21 years old to rent a car.

It is convenient to travel by taxi in Colombo and the suburban area. If payment is made by meter, then for landing and the 1st kilometer of the journey you need to pay 28-30 rupees, for each subsequent kilometer - 24-26 rupees. If the taxi does not have a meter, then you need to agree on the price before the start of the trip.

More popular for traveling around the city is the tuk-tuk - a small scooter on three wheels with a cabin. Average fare for a trip: for 1 km - 15-20 rupees.

How to get a visa to Sri Lanka

Since 2012, the Sri Lankan government has introduced new rules for foreigners visiting the state. Foreign citizens, including citizens of CIS countries, receive a visa under the same conditions.

For a short-term (up to 30 days) stay in Sri Lanka, as well as for transit travel, you need to obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) visa.

Means of communication

Almost all hotels have a telephone connection, but the cost of calls from your room will be high.


The two most popular mobile operators are Dialog and Mobitel, with Etisalat, HUTCH and Airtel having a much smaller market share. The first 3 listed operators offer “tourist communication packages”, which include different amounts of minutes for international and domestic calls, as well as limited Internet traffic. You can purchase Dialog and Mobitel SIM cards without leaving Colombo airport.

Wi-Fi is available in all large resorts. Hotel business centers sell cards of varying prices. Communication via a USB modem is also possible and is available in almost all parts of Sri Lanka.


Dear readers, today I again invite you on a journey. The Indian Ocean with warm water, golden sand beaches, palm trees, gorgeous nature and exotic animals - all this can amaze even the most fastidious traveler. Where is this amazing place? - you ask. This is the former island of Ceylon, now its new name is Sri Lanka, where a vacation will delight you not only with picturesque landscapes, wild rivers and comfortable weather, but also with a large number of unique attractions, delicious food and unusually aromatic and strong tea.

The enchanting beauty of the island is complemented by a variety of resorts with hotels, welcoming and friendly people - the Sri Lankans. By the way, most residents speak several languages, including English and Russian. This place is perfect for a quiet and relaxing holiday with the whole family.

Sri Lanka - where is such a country located?

Sri Lanka is the largest island located in the Indian Ocean. It is a Democratic Socialist Republic in South Asia. The name translates as glorious and blessed land. Until it gained independence, or rather until 1972, the island was called Ceylon. India is located in close proximity to Sri Lanka. Even before the beginning of the 15th century, these states were connected by an isthmus. Now, there is a sandbank at this place, since a strong earthquake in the 15th century destroyed it. The capital of the island is a city with a difficult name to pronounce - Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, but the cultural and economically developed unofficial capital is the city of Colombo.

Sri Lanka has a rich world of flora and fauna. Almost 3,000 varieties of plants grow here, about 1,000 of which are flowering, over 700 species of medicinal flowers and herbs, and 150 varieties of wild orchids and ferns. Many people associate this country with elephants. And for good reason. Mighty elephants really live here, and not only that. The diversity of wildlife makes this island an amazing place. Beautiful butterflies, birds, reptiles, mammals - and many of them are protected by law, as they are listed in the Red Book as an endangered species.

Sri Lanka - monthly weather, rainy season, water temperature

The climate is tropical, with monsoon rainy seasons. An amazing feature of the monsoons in the summer is that they occur mainly at night. The weather is very favorable for holidays all year round. The air temperature is always stable, about 28-30 degrees Celsius at any time of the year. Only in the mountainous region the temperature in winter reaches only 10 degrees Celsius. Beach paradise all year round - this is how this state can be described.

The rainy season is long. From December to May there are rains in the eastern part of the island, from May to September there are monsoons in the west of the country. Therefore, in winter, it is best to relax in the southern and western regions of Sri Lanka. For example, the most popular cities are Colombo and Galle. The weather here is excellent, dry and sunny, just as the rainy season is approaching in the east. But in the summer months, resorts located in the eastern region are perfect.

The water temperature here is always constant. The average temperature is 27 degrees Celsius. Therefore, you can swim here all year round. Even at night you can bask in the warm waters of the ocean.

Sights of Sri Lanka, photos

Equipped beaches and comfortable hotels are not all that Sri Lanka can boast of. A huge number of ancient and unique attractions, 8 of which are included in the UNESCO list. Temples for all religions, various buildings and monuments in honor of Buddha, beautiful palaces, museums and temples are just a small part of the interesting places that you can visit.

Currently, excursions around the country are very popular, which allow you to see the maximum number of attractions in a short time. Of course, if you have enough time and you like to leisurely enjoy exploring amazing places and architectural structures, then it is better to take a walk around the sights on your own. Here are some of them that you should definitely see, otherwise your trip around the island would be in vain. Tea center, sacred Bodhi tree, golden Buddha statue, Kumana national reserve and Adam's Peak.














Sri Lanka - holidays and reviews from tourists

All tourists who visited this amazing and mysterious place at least once were very pleased with their vacation. After reading many reviews, I made several useful discoveries for myself that will help improve my vacation in this country. Now I will share with you some tips.

  • Don't buy tea in the city, otherwise you will buy a mixture of local Sri Lankan and second-rate Indian tea. You can buy one like this at home, in the supermarket. Be sure to visit the tea plantations in Nuwara Eliya, where you will buy really good Sri Lankan tea and enjoy the view of the tea plantations that cover all the slopes and peaks of the mountains.
  • When swimming in the ocean, be careful, it is choppy and it is better to swim where you can feel the bottom. After a wave, you can be pulled into the ocean, and the point of no return is very easy to miss. There are no rescuers, and a cry for help may not be heard. Better swim in the pool.
  • It is not customary to use regular toilet paper on the island. In their room they have a special hose with water supply, or a ladle (you know why). Therefore, if you cannot live without personal hygiene products, be sure to take it with you.
  • There are a lot of impudent monkeys on the island, scurrying everywhere, which can seriously ruin your entire vacation. Do not leave your belongings unattended. When leaving your hotel room, be sure to close the windows, otherwise you may risk losing your belongings and causing significant damage to the room.




Holidays in Sri Lanka - independent travel

You can get from Moscow to Colombo by direct airline flights. Unfortunately, direct flights do not occur every day, but according to a schedule. If you urgently need to get to this island, you can use connecting flights. There are several of them - in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Koch and Istanbul.
How long does it take to fly from Moscow to Sri Lanka? The direct flight is the shortest flight time, it takes from 8 to 9 hours. If the flight has transfers, then it is a little longer; it can take up to 12 hours of flight time. Don't forget to get a visa before planning your trip to Sri Lanka.

The island's public transport is trains and buses. Therefore, you can travel around the country on your own only by train and buses.

Traveling by bus is only suitable within the city. The cost of bus travel is very low, while the price for private transport is the same as for public transport. There are even luxury buses - with air conditioning and free seats, but the price for such travel is much more expensive. But what can you do for comfort?
Remember, the first seats on local buses are reserved for monks - they cannot be occupied!

You can travel between cities on your own by train. Affordable prices and the ability to choose comfort have made this type of transport very popular among tourists and local residents. 1st class trains are not just luxurious, they are unique. In addition to air conditioning and free WI-FI, there is a very interesting interior of the cars, in vintage style. Train schedules are available on the official websites of railway stations.

You may also be interested in reading reviews from tourists or visiting the sacred Indian city, follow the links. I hope you will find it interesting to read and see photos about these travels.