The city of Görlitz is already located on German territory, but it is still Silesia, more precisely, its western part, which is called Lusatia. Unlike the rest of Silesia, Lusatia never belonged to either the Polish princes or the Habsburgs - its pre-Silesian history looks like this:
1032-1367 - part of the Margraviate of Meissen;
1367-1635 - as part of Bohemia;
1635-1815 - as part of Saxony. And only after passing to Prussia, most of Lusatia was administratively united with Silesia into one province. The post-war border between Germany and Poland along the Odre-Neisse again divided this small region into parts, and the district center of Görlitz - completely in half, and the Polish half across the river became a separate city Zgorzelec.
Lusatia differs from other German regions in the presence of a Slavic ethnic minority - the Lusatian Sorbs (60 thousand people). From a school geography course, everyone knows about the existence of this unknown people, but hardly anyone has seen its representatives alive or at least examples of material culture. I can’t help with this either, because in an hour of walking around the city I didn’t notice anything like that, not even bilingual signs.
It’s also unlikely that anyone will remember offhand where Görlitz is located, so you need to provide a map and historical information. So, we are in the very south-eastern corner of the former GDR, on the border with Poland and not far from the Czech Republic, just south of the Wroclaw-Dresden autobahn:
Görlitz (55 thousand inhabitants) received city rights in 1268, developing from a settlement on the Via Regia trade route. The Mongols did not reach here, and the city quickly rose to prominence as a center of trade and textile crafts in the 13th and 14th centuries. The fortress walls withstood the siege during the Hussite wars, and in the 15th century Görlitz was also not in poverty, although it often entered into feudal conflicts with neighboring cities. The city reached its heyday in the 16th century, as part of Bohemia - churches and rich houses were built in the Renaissance style, the population reached 10 thousand, reformism achieved complete success here. The 17th century for Görlitz, as for all of Europe, became much less successful, and the city suffered greatly from the Swedish occupation in 1641. The secondary rise occurred already in the 19th century - the era of industrialization. The railway came to the city, new plants and factories opened. In the 20th century, Görlitz was again lucky to emerge from the world wars without much destruction, so that its historical center is well preserved to this day. However, having suddenly found itself after the war on the periphery of first the GDR and then the united Germany, the city still cannot get out of the depression, eventually losing more than a third of its pre-war population.
As a matter of fact, it was necessary to examine both parts of the previously unified city - German and Polish, and then somehow compare, but there was only enough time for one. So let's take a walk around the German half.
When entering a new state, it is always alarming - you are afraid of the evil guards of the border and order who can find fault with anything, while you have no rights or knowledge of how to fight back. Moreover, I don’t speak German (in Poland, I managed to fight off one cop, knowing a hundred or two words, including the magical “whore!”). In short, having parked in a trump spot right next to the pedestrian bridge, I looked around for a long time to see if there was any trick: I can still understand the inscription under the P sign like “Park nur mit Auschweiss”, but the other explanatory signs are already Chinese letters for me . But everything worked out well, and I began my inspection from the place where the bridge over the river was drawn:
The first thing, of course, was to cross the border bridge to the Polish side and back. There are practically no pedestrians in the morning: either the Poles and Germans don’t work for each other at all, or they start early - at five minutes to 9 the bridge is empty:
This is the Polish side. It is clear that the district was a suburb - there are few historical buildings, among which the main place is occupied by the old mill, which has stood by the river since time immemorial. It’s interesting that the pedestrian bridge appeared quite recently - in 2004, and before that there was no need for it - why open an extra border crossing? And the previous bridge was blown up in 1945 by the retreating fascists.
The Neisse River looks shallow and quiet, but during a flood it can cause damage (it already demolished one bridge in 1897), so the embankments are properly strengthened:
To the south of the bridge, on the Polish side, the buildings of Grechesky Boulevard stand with a single façade:
Zgorzelec's status was not determined until 1950; The Germans had already been expelled, and the Poles had not yet settled. At the same time, refugees from Greece appeared in Poland, fleeing the civil war, and it was decided to settle them in the emptying city. In total, 10-15 thousand Greeks arrived, and for a long time, right up to their return to their homeland, they played a noticeable role in the life of the city. This is how, for centuries, the unnoticed county town of Görlitz found itself in the midst of a great migration of peoples.
Opposite the Greek Boulevard is the German Uferstrasse, which also faces the river with a single façade, except that there is more greenery:
And on the right hand of the bridge rises the main city landmark - the Peter and Paul Church:
Having managed to get used to the fact that in Poland all the large Gothic churches are Catholic, I wanted to call this church the Farny Church. But the vast majority of German churches belong to Protestants, therefore - pfarrkirche. The church was built over a long 70 years (1425-97), replacing an ancient Romanesque basilica on this site. With a length of 72 and a height of spiers of 84 meters, this church, according to Wikipedia, is the largest in Saxony. It’s hard to believe, because we just saw a couple of hundred-meter-tall churches in Wroclaw: was it really built on a large scale in Silesia? But this church has five naves: three naves of equal height, and two side naves a quarter lower. The latter are supported by powerful buttresses, and a chapel is built on the southern side:
The three-tier façade bears obvious traces of restoration, but the deep arched portal is older than the church itself - it remains from the previous Romanesque church. Small windows almost repeat the arched shape of the portal:
I didn’t go inside, although the interior is solemn and stylish, and in the choir there is a very beautiful organ called the Solar (1703):
Let's return to the general plan - next to the church there is a building that cannot be missed. This Waidhaus is the oldest civil building in Görlitz, known since 1131. It was used in different ways, in particular, in the 16th century it served as a warehouse for wool dyeing raw materials, the so-called. woad (hence the name). After renovation in 1994, the foundation for the protection of monuments and crafts settled in the house:
Go ahead. In the Middle Ages, the city was surrounded by a double row of fortress walls, which were dismantled only in 1848. What remains of them are two fragments and several bastion towers. One of them, Nikolaiturm, is located directly opposite the facade of the church and, believe it or not, is two hundred years older than it:
He didn’t come any closer, but turned south, going out along Peterstrasse to the Lower Market Square (Untermarkt). On its western side there are both city halls - the old and the new. The middle of the already small area is occupied by a dense island of houses (Die Zeile - Line), so the town halls are visually divided, and each one seems to be headed by its own separate square. The old town hall was covered with scaffolding on the day of my arrival, so I’d better show you what it looks like after renovation:
The town hall has been operating in Görlitz since 1369, but its building is, of course, younger. If you look closely, its appearance contains elements of many styles - from Gothic to Neo-Renaissance, which is the result of many reconstructions, repairs and renovations. The building acquired its modern form in 1516, when the clock tower was completed. It has several dials; the lower pair dates from the 16th century, and contains, in addition to the clock, solar and lunar calendars. On the building itself, several ancient details have been preserved - a portal, a bay window, a balcony.
Next to the old town hall, in 1903, an impressive new building was erected, in the neo-Renaissance style, with a richly decorated multi-tiered facade:
The lower tier with an arched gallery remains from the previous houses of the 17th century; under the cornice of the second, the coats of arms of the other five cities of the Lusatian League, which included medieval Görlitz, were installed, and the coat of arms of Görlitz itself was placed on the top of the pediment - not visible from afar.
On the left in the photo you can see the former stock exchange building (1706) with a magnificent portal, now the Börse Hotel. If the northern part of the Line is formed by one building, but on its southern side there is a single facade of tall buildings (No. 9-14). All of them were in one way or another connected with trade: there used to be shopping arcades here, and the corner building is called Waage (“Scales”) - in it the pedantic Germans registered and imposed duties on all goods coming to the market:
An attentive reader will see in these buildings a mixture of styles that seem to come from the bottom up: the Gothic foundations of the very first houses, Renaissance portals with columns, Baroque decor of the upper tiers. At the same time, such eclecticism does not hurt the eyes at all, and the development looks stylish and beautiful. Along the perimeter of the square there are also many interesting old houses in the Baroque and Renaissance styles; for example, these two beauties of the 16th century on the north side (No. 23-24):
It’s a pity we didn’t have time to stay and take a closer look at all the details - the Görlitz Untermarkt is more interesting and authentic compared to the squares of the Polish cities that we visited the day before. To the east of the square, the street Neißstraße descends back to the pedestrian bridge. It is mostly built up with newer, baroque buildings from the early 18th century, which appeared here after the fire of 1726:
This is the southern side of the street, with houses No. 25-30. There is a lot to be said about each of them, for example, in the yellow house (No. 27, Bürgerliche Brauhaus) beer of a local brand was brewed for two hundred years. But the greatest interest among architects is the second house on the right (No. 29, “Bible House”), which is considered the standard of the Görlitz Renaissance (built in 1572, it survived a fire).
Down the street there is also an interesting group of houses. Almost all of them had brewing rights, which is why they have high ground floors. And on house No. 20, a wall painting from the 17th century, characteristic of Upper Lusatia, was restored:
Let's return back to Untermarkt and go west, past the old town hall. To the left of it is the so-called Schönhof. Despite the bright coloring, this is almost the oldest authentic house in the city, which has survived to this day in its Renaissance form without alterations since 1526. Now it is a city museum:
In ancient times, salt and spices were traded here, and in the 19th century the Obermarkt became a kind of parade square: there is a lot of open space, and among the generally baroque buildings there is more splendor of the Art Nouveau era. General plan, view to the west:
In the background you can see the bastion tower Reichenbacher Turm, which has guarded the western gate of the city since the mid-14th century. Like the other two, this tower is topped by a baroque dome with a bell, onto the balcony of which you can climb. In the foreground is another fountain (there are more than a dozen of them in the city; we have already seen one in the lower square - the Neptune Fountain. Unfortunately, this fountain is only a copy of a 17th century sculpture, the original of which is in the courtyard of the museum.) It is also noticeable in the photo that all corner buildings date back to the Art Nouveau era at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Obviously, during the next renovation of the square, it was decided not to restore the old corner buildings, but to replace them with new ones in the then fashionable Art Nouveau style, providing high corner bay windows with a spire, thereby giving the square a more solemn appearance. I think it turned out quite successfully.
The northern side of Obermarkt has a more uniform, baroque appearance (view from west to east, in the opposite direction):
The most interesting thing here is the pink house in the middle, with a triangular pediment and a balcony above the portal (No. 29, Napoleon House). It was from this balcony that on August 20, 1813, the French emperor reviewed his troops before the Battle of Dresden.
It can be seen that the town hall tower stands in the woods, and to the right, on the south side at the beginning of the square, rises the bell tower of the Church of the Holy Trinity. There was a Franciscan monastery on this site from the beginning of the 13th century, and the monks built their first church in 1245. It was expanded and rebuilt several times, acquiring its modern late Gothic appearance by 1508. With the advent of the Reformation, the Franciscans gradually curtailed their activities, and in 1564 the monastery closed, transferring the property to the city, which established a school in its place. True, it is not very clear why the schoolchildren needed the bell tower, which was built on in 1607 - apparently, the Protestants somehow supervised this school, because another hundred years later they returned the sacred status to the temple, setting up a parish in it. And today the church looks like this:
Most likely, the schoolchildren were still housed not in the church itself, but in the neighboring monastery buildings, because the Gymnasium Augustum has been operating at their address from the same 1564 to the present day. In 1856, the cells were replaced by a building specially built for the gymnasium in the neo-Gothic style. This is just his west wing,
and from the façade it looks more like a palace rather than a gymnasium:
Having passed the Upper Market along the entire length to the west, we come to the already mentioned Reichenbach tower with a height of 49 m. The tower looks gloomy, since the last renovation happened quite a long time ago - in 1936. It shows the emblems of the six states of which Görlitz was a part during its history , as well as six cities of the Lusatian League (a pair of coats of arms on each of the three sides):
This is another square, Demianiplatz, named after the first mayor of Görlitz. This square forms the border of the old and new cities - behind it the imperial quarters of the 19th and 20th centuries begin. To the left of the tower there is a giant round bastion - Kaisertrutz, with which it was previously connected by a fortress wall. From its appearance, one can imagine how strong the city’s defenses were. After reconstruction in 1932, the bastion housed the Museum of History and Culture of Upper Lusatia:
Turning south from here, for some reason I missed the building of the city theater and went straight to Marienplatz - the symbol of the new city:
This square was formed already in the 19th century, having won its place due to the demolished city walls. From the previous fortifications, only the bastion Thick Tower (Dicker Turm) remained, covering the former Stone Gate to the city. This is the third and last of the towers we have already seen.
At the southern end of the square stands the large department store Kaufhaus zum Strauß, built in 1913 in the Art Nouveau style in the image of Berlin's famous Wertheim on Leipzig Platz. It was inconvenient to shoot against the sun, but all its beauty is still inside:
However, not everything in the new city is modern - between the theater and the department store there is this single facade, and it is entirely neo-Renaissance:
We follow the tram to the south. Right behind the department store (even a piece of it was included in the photo), there is another church - Frauenkirche (Our Lady):
This ancient (1473) Gothic church eventually found itself in the noisiest and most crowded place in the city - between two shopping centers, a post office and a tram line. It is not particularly remarkable - small, three-nave, simple outside and inside (although with an organ), but all the main Gothic elements are present - two portals, a belfry, buttresses and even an apse with a sacristy:
However, it has become one of the symbols of the city. After going around the church, the tram comes out onto the large Postal Square, with monumental buildings of the Prussian era on the sides (bank, district court, main post office) and the Muschelminna fountain in the middle. Of all this, I only photographed the post office building (1887):
At this point, time ran out and we had to call it a day. As you can see, the city turned out to be quite interesting; I highly recommend visiting it for lovers of the Renaissance and Baroque. Now I regret that I spent so little time on such a pleasant and educational walk - only 1:08. Yes, in the end I missed little, but I moved almost at a run instead of a leisurely, thoughtful inspection. On second thought, from now on you shouldn’t plan to visit more than two cities a day :)
“Girlywood” is also the name of this city located in Saxony, which cannot be found to the east in Germany.
Görlitz, recently voted the best film destination in Europe, was the location where many scenes were filmed in the Oscar-winning film The Grand Budapest Hotel, as well as episodes of Around the World in 80 Days with Jackie Chan, Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds and a number of other films. - both German and foreign production.
Many of the houses and churches in this city, first mentioned in 1071 in a charter of King Henry IV, were built in the 16th century. Its inclusion in 1816 into the Prussian province of Silesia also had a significant impact on the city's appearance.
Here the German Christian mystic Jacob Boehme experienced his visions and penetrated into the hidden depths of nature. Here the talent of a painter was demonstrated by the Greek artist Pavlos Rodokanakis. Here Wilhelmina Herzlieb, publisher and friend of Goethe, who became the prototype for Ottilie in the novel “Selective Affinity,” lost her mind and passed away.
Görlitz escaped destruction during the Second World War, but after the capitulation of Nazi Germany it was significantly reduced in size: its eastern part, officially named Zgorzelec in 1950, was transferred to the Polish authorities.
The combination of cultures divided by the Neisse River, along with a rich history and magical atmosphere, makes the local streets especially attractive for romantic walks among about four thousand protected architectural monuments - from Gothic, through Renaissance - to Art Nouveau.
Local specialties such as the “Silesian Kingdom of Heaven” (Schlesisches Himmelreich) or Wellwurst sausages will please the souls and stomachs of lovers of solid meat food. Baking lovers are recommended to enjoy the famous Silesian pies, and fans of the intoxicating foamy drink should try the products of the local Landskronbrauerei brewery.
Kaisertrutz
One of the thirty-two watchtowers that has survived since its construction in 1490, it got its name during the Thirty Years' War after the siege of the Swedes by imperial troops. The Kaisertrutz Tower, restored in the 19th century and today one of the symbols of Görlitz, later housed the department of urban history. In mid-2015, an art gallery was opened on the third floor, which contains paintings, graphics, sculpture, and ceramics by masters who are in one way or another connected with the history of the city.
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Untermarkt
This oldest part of Görlitz, called the Lower Market, houses the town hall, an architectural ensemble in various styles, the tower of the oldest part of which was built in 1378. In the immediate vicinity of the town hall there is a stone fountain of Neptune (Neptunsbrunnen), installed in 1756 on the site of a wooden well decorated with figures of virtues. Nearby is another attraction from the “must list”, namely the Flüsterbogen or “Whispering Arch”, which has interesting acoustic features.
Romantic cities in Germany: Görlitz updated: August 13, 2019 by: Marko Bayanov
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Transport
The city is small, but despite the narrow streets, there are no problems with parking even in the center: there is a fairly large parking lot at Obermarkt. Public transport is represented by trams and buses, which also operate in areas where cars are not allowed to travel.
Taxis are inexpensive since the distances are short. It is better to look for cars in special parking lots. There is no point in discussing prices with the driver; all cars are equipped with meters. You won't be able to take a taxi in the historical center - there are many pedestrian areas, so it's better to use public transport or bicycles, which you can rent.
Gorlitz Hotels
There are many hotels in Görlitz, there are guest houses, apartments, but not just hostels. Their star rating is mostly low, in contrast to their prices - it’s not easy to find a room cheaper than 40-50 EUR per night. But almost all of them are within walking distance from the main attractions, many are in historical buildings. There are few 4-5* hotels, the cost of a double room is 85-150 EUR. Prices on the page are as of September 2018.
You can save money by staying in neighboring Zgorzelec, on the other side of the Neisse River. The options there are simpler, and prices start from 28-30 EUR per double room per night. The cities form a single urban space, buses run between them, and the historical center of Görlitz can be easily reached on foot from Zgorzelec.
Cuisine and restaurants
Restaurants in Görlitz feature predominantly Saxon cuisine, which is distinguished by a special love for potatoes. The most popular dish is Buttermilchgetzen, a potato casserole with loin. Soups are also simple; the menu often includes bread soup (Brotsuppe), as well as “Eintopf” - a thick soup that combines the first and second courses. The main desserts of Saxon cuisine were invented in Dresden: Dresden cake (Dresdener Stollen) and Saxon cheesecake (Sachsische Eierschecke).
In fast food establishments, a combo lunch will cost 8-10 EUR, dinner in a restaurant for two with alcohol will cost 40-50 EUR.
Sights of Gorlitz
The old center of Görlitz is one of the best preserved in all of Central Europe. More than 4,000 local buildings are considered historical and architectural monuments. The towers around the Old Town have partially survived. The largest of them is the 15th century Kaisertrutz with thick 5-meter walls. Inside there is now an art gallery and a small history museum.
The Reichenbach Tower of the 14th century is more elegant, it is considered the most beautiful: on the facades are visible 12 coats of arms of cities and state entities with which Görlitz was ever associated. Inside there is an exhibition dedicated to the defensive structures of the Middle Ages and an observation deck.
Behind the tower begins the Obermarkt (Upper Market), where the famous house No. 27 with a red door and a sign “D.V.R.T.1527” is located. In this house, a “conspiracy of cloth workers” took place in 1527. They were executed, the house was marked, and the alley where the arch of the house goes was called “alley of traitors” (Ferretergasse). Nearby is the Napoleon House (No. 29), where the emperor received the parade in 1813. But the main building of the square is the Church of the Holy Trinity of the 13th century, inside which many interior elements have been preserved, including the folded altar “Golden Madonna”.
The Silesian Museum is housed in the Schönhof house ("Red House"), considered the most beautiful and oldest Renaissance building in the region (Bruderstrabe 8). From here begins the oldest part of the city - the Lower Market (Untermarkt) with the town hall of two buildings from the 13th and 16th centuries, fountains and houses with arcades, where cloth used to be traded. The Upper Lusatian Scientific Library of the 18th century with unique ancient volumes is also located here. It occupies a Baroque house at Neusstraße 30. Another unique attraction is the Wehrtime Trading House, built in 1912. Its luxurious interiors can be seen in the film “The Grand Budapest Hotel”.
The late Gothic arch in the house at Untermarkt 22 is unusual. From one end you can hear whispers on the other.
This small town has many more unusual houses, churches, towers: it is not for nothing that it is considered the most interesting from a historical and architectural point of view in the region.
4 thousand architectural monuments
Another advantage of Görlitz is its unique appearance. The historical center of the city was completely preserved during the Second World War and appears to tourists in the form in which the city was formed after the great fire of 1525. The mixture of Gothic churches, Renaissance buildings, Art Nouveau buildings and covered galleries gives Görlitz some similarities to the northern Italian city-states of the Renaissance.
While many cities of the former GDR, after the reunification of Germany, tried to regain their attractiveness by decorating dull panel high-rise buildings, the authorities of Görlitz set about restoring the historical center. There are many stories told here about visitors to the city who fell in love with it so much that they bought and restored one or another ancient building. There are about 4 thousand architectural monuments in Görlitz, many of them are in need of restoration.
The special charm of Görlitz is its proximity to such cities beloved by tourists as:
- Dresden - 1 hour 36 min. by train, ticket price - 19.80 euros;
- Prague - 3 hours 45 minutes by train, ticket price - 29 euros;
- Vienna - 7 hours 14 minutes. on the night train "hotel on wheels", ticket price - 93.60 euros;
- Bad Schandau - 2 hours. 30 min. by train, ticket price - from 22 euros.
Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz – here it is University of Applied Sciences in Saxony with two branches: 35 kilometers apart in Zittau and Görlitz e . Currently teach here There are about 3,800 students, including about 500 foreigners from 32 countries.
The University of Zittau/Görlitz was founded on July 13, 1992 as the "University of Technology, Economics and Social Policy."
Since 1993, the University of Zittau/Görlitz has been cooperating with the Technical University of Liberec (Czech Republic), the Economic University in Wroclaw (Poland) and the Technical University of Freiburg (Germany).
All this was created so that students from the three countries could freely be in a scientific and cultural environment, without feeling limited by a foreign language.
The university consists of six faculties:
Electrical engineering and computer science (includes areas: electrical engineering, computer science, mechatronics),
Management and culture (includes areas: culture and management, healthcare management, tourism management, economics and languages, translator (Polish/German),
Mechanical Engineering,
Mathematics and applied sciences (includes areas: ecology, chemistry, environmental protection),
Social Sciences (includes areas: psychology of communication, child psychology),
Economics and organization of industrial production (engineering: international management).
A group has been specially created for foreign students to help throughout their studies. There are also preparatory German language courses in the city of Zittau, which prepare future University students before admission (more specific information can be found on the page:
http://www. hszg. de / ru / podgotovitelnye - kursy / podgotovitelnye - kursy . html).
Studying for a bachelor's degree lasts 3 years (6 semesters), for a master's degree - 2 years (4 semesters, includes a compulsory semester abroad - part of the costs is financed by the university).
Studying at the University is paid: 74.40 Euro per semester (the price includes a student card (chip card) and access to WiFi on campus).
5.Naturechutz Tierpark Gorlitz (downtown)
Animals in this Tierpark , characterized by a geographical focus, the zoo has existed since 1957. Asian domestic and wild animals live here, as well as ancient and modern, domestic and wild animals typical of Upper Lusatia.
You can celebrate a child’s birthday at the zoo; a table is set in the Stork restaurant, after which children are allowed to feed the animals.
6.Zittau (from Görlitz 35 km)
Mountains Zittau are a picturesque gem for Saxony.Its huge sandstone mountains and high volcanic mountains make it unique.This is an ideal place for families and groups hikes, with over 300 km well markedroutes. Climbing enthusiasts are attractedabout 80 peaks with interesting climbing routes of any complexity.
7.Oybin(from Görlitz 40 km)
Oybin - located in a valley - it is the pulsating center of the Zittau mountains, surrounded by a ring of green mountains.The visitor will find beautiful half-timbered houses, well-kept green parks and many excellent hotels, restaurants and cafes in Oybin.Attractive for children "Fairy Tale Game". Carved, movable wooden figures show images from fairy tales.
The most notable attraction in the beautiful mountain resort of Oybin is the 14th Century monastery built on the mountain.
8.Karpacz (from Görlitz 80 km) – a ski resort located in southwest Poland
in the Krkonose mountain range at the foot of Mount Snezka (1602 m) - the highest peak of the Sudetenland.
Since the 14th century, Karpacz has been known as a village of gold miners. During the interwar period of the twentieth century, the city became famous as a skiing center. Since then, the number of tourists going on holiday to Karpacz has been growing and growing.
Karpacz is the largest winter sports and summer recreation center in the Sudetes, especially for those who prefer an active pastime. Excellent climatic conditions and unique nature, a special microclimate, clean water, fresh air, saturated with the life-giving balm of coniferous forests growing on the mountain slopes and containing trace elements and essential oils, contribute to the production of hemoglobin in the blood and increase appetite. For many years, the air in this area has been considered healing for allergies, respiratory diseases and leukemia.
Ski area –820 - 1350 m
Number of lifts – 7
Number of tracks - 7
The resort has many ski slopes of varying difficulty levels and convenient lifts. The most popular chairlift to the top of Kopa (1375 m above sea level) serves three ski slopes: "Jan" (400 m) - easy, "Zlotówka" (3100 m) - difficult and "Liczyrzepa" (3000 m) - very difficult. If you climb Kopa, you can get to Snezka from there. There are illuminated trails.
Read in full: http://tonkosti.ru/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87
An undoubted attraction is the two toboggan runs (1065 and 800 meters) that operate year-round, regardless of weather conditions. In addition, there is a picturesque ski trail "Khomatova" for cross-country skiing enthusiasts. There are opportunities for off-piste skiing. Every year, in the month of February, competitions are organized for tourists to ride anything.
Source: http://www.votpusk.ru/country/kurort.asp?CN=PL&CT=PL06#ixzz2rUhsGqBQ
In addition to active recreation, the Karpacz resort offers a variety of interesting walks. You can admire the picturesque mountain waterfalls that do not freeze even in winter, and visit the Wang Church, which is located in the highest part of Karpacz. The 12th-century wooden structure, built without a single nail, was transported from Norway.
Here you have the opportunity to feel like a real cowboy. The fabulous Western City (city of cowboys) invites you to ride a horse, shoot a gun, drink whiskey and have a snack.
If you are vacationing with children, then in Karpacz there is a Museum of Toys and Dolls for them, where exhibits are presented from the beginning of the last century to the present, from the funny Pinocchio to the beautiful Barbie.
The developed infrastructure of Karpacz also offers discos, an indoor swimming pool, cozy bars, restaurants and pizzerias.
The eastern part of the city was separated from Görlitz after World War II and is now in Poland and is called Zgorzelec. The border is formed by the Neisse River. The city was not destroyed during the war. The city has more than 4,000 well-restored architectural monuments.
In winter, in Görlitz, local time coincides with the official one, since the 15th meridian, by which Central European Time is determined, passes within the city.
Coins from the Roman Empire were found in archaeological excavations within the city. After the Germanic tribes left the area of eastern Upper Lusatia during the Great Migration in the 4th and 5th centuries, Slavic tribes settled here in the 7th and 8th centuries.
At the end of the 10th century, the Meissen Margrave Gero conquered the Slavs of Upper and Lower Lusatia and incorporated their territory into the Holy Roman Empire. However, the territory remained for a long time a hotbed of conflict between Bohemia, Poland and the Holy Roman Empire. Görlitz was first mentioned in 1071 in a charter from King Henry IV. A few years later, the territory of Upper and Lower Lusatia fell under the rule of the Bohemian dukes and kings in 1075 as a pledge and in 1089 as a fief, who thereby became lords of the city until 1635.
Under the rule of the Askanii, who received the eastern part of Upper Lusatia together with the city of Görlitz in 1253 as a pledge from the Czech king, the city was fortified and expanded westward. In 1303 Görlitz received city rights. After the city was returned to the king, John of Luxembourg allowed Jewish settlement and gave the city several privileges, including the right to mint coins. The city soon became one of the most important trading cities between Erfurt and Breslau.
Based on economic power and royal privilege, on August 21, 1346, the cities of Bautzen, Görlitz, Zittau, Kamenz, Löbau and Laubahn founded the League of Six Cities in order to ensure provincial peace on behalf of the Bohemian king and future German emperor Charles IV. Legally, Görlitz differed little from the imperial cities.
From 1377 to 1396 the city was the capital of the Duchy of Görlitz, which was founded by Charles Karl IV for his seven-year-old son John von Görlitz. After his death in 1396, the duchy was abolished.
During the Hussite Wars in 1429, only the southern and eastern settlements were burned, the city itself was not damaged. In the 15th century, the city was involved in a dispute for the Czech throne between George of Poděbrady and Matthew I Corvinus. Subsequently, the fortification of the city was improved. Under the rule of the Hungarian king Matthew I Corvinus, the city flourished in the late 15th century. The era of prosperity lasted far until the 16th century. During this time, many houses and churches were built in the late Gothic and Revival styles.
In 1635, Görlitz, together with Upper Lusatia, was given to the Electorate of Saxony by the Emperor in exchange for debts. During the Thirty Years' War, the city was occupied by the Swedes and severely destroyed.
In 1816, following the decisions of the Congress of Vienna, the city was included in the Prussian province of Silesia. This had a decisive influence on the political and social development of the city. In 1833, Prussian town law was introduced and the city saw a new period of prosperity. In 1848 the city was connected by railway with Dresden, Berlin and Wroclaw. This contributed to rapid industrialization. Numerous buildings from that period still define the appearance of the city south of the center.
In 1945, the retreating Wehrmacht troops blew up all the bridges over the Neisse - the city remained largely unharmed. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the city is divided into the German and Polish parts of Zgorzelec.
Industry
The large carriage manufacturing plant VEB Waggonbau Görlitz is located in Görlitz. Since 1998, the plant has been owned by Bombardier Transportation.
